Did earthquakes keep the early crust habitable?
Did earthquakes keep the early crust habitable?
复制标题
地震是否使早期地壳保持适宜居住？
作者：
N. Sleep;M. Zoback
地壳浅层的可居住区域以大约10（19）s（1）的应变速率变形。这是足够快的小地震事件预计在一公里的空间尺度和一百万年的时间尺度。岩石断层有可能释放出一批批生物基质，如溶解的H（2），允许短暂的水华。此外，脆性地壳的稳态变形导致许多小断层具有足够的渗透性（大约10（15）m（2）的数量级），以便水在相对较短的地质时期（大约10（5）年）内以公里规模流动。因此，活动断层作为集中的小生境，能够在岩石的大体积中间歇性地开采资源。辐解作用和亚铁是硬岩生态位可持续的潜在基础。
The shallow habitable region of cratonal crust deforms with a strain rate on the order of approximately 10(19) s(1). This is rapid enough that small seismic events are expected on one-kilometer spatial scales and one-million-year timescales. Rock faulting has the potential to release batches of biological substrate, such as dissolved H(2), permitting transient blooms. In addition, the steady-state deformation of the brittle crust causes numerous small faults to be permeable enough (on the order of approximately 10(15) m(2)) for water to flow on a kilometer scale over relatively short geological times ( approximately 10(5) yr). Hence, active faults act as concentrated niches capable of episodically tapping resources in the bulk volume of the rock. Radiolysis and ferrous iron are potentially bases of sustainable hard-rock niches.