A moral economy of oil: corruption narratives and oil elites in Ecuador
A moral economy of oil: corruption narratives and oil elites in Ecuador
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DOI：
10.1080/14735784.2018.1507752
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发表时间：
2018-08
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Lyall
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作者：
A. Lyall
摘要在石油依赖国，国家石油储备的管理和石油租金的再分配通常被广泛认为是道德上的努力，是实现最低限度的资源公平分配所必需的。石油政策和私营和上市公司、公共机构、银行和工会中强大的石油行业参与者之间的租金之争根植于这种道德经济中。因此，在政治经济危机的时刻，石油精英往往试图说服公众将他们视为有原则的石油管理者，而将他们的精英竞争对手视为道德腐败，以便使新的或重新提出的石油要求合法化。在厄瓜多尔，我探索了这样一种石油的道德经济。首先，我详细介绍了石油精英在不同的历史条件下使用的腐败叙事，以塑造管理石油储备和租金的行为者的道德观念。第二，我详细描述了拉斐尔·科雷亚（Rafael Correa）政权早期的一个转折点，当时亚马逊北方的土著群体试图利用祖先对石油资源丰富的领土的主张，成立一家名为Alian Petrol的土著石油公司，传统的石油精英公开谴责Alian Petrol是不道德的。我建立在道德经济的经典理论信号如何利用种族差异的刻板印象精英，对比技术官僚，混血权威的普遍性的individuals的特殊性，培养道德期望继续精英控制石油资源和租金。这种情况下，我们可以考虑如何以及何时精英培养种族差异，积极塑造道德经济的石油在后殖民语境。
ABSTRACT In oil-dependent nations, the governance of national oil reserves and the redistribution of oil rents are often widely-perceived as moral endeavours, necessary for achieving a minimum just distribution of resources. Struggles over oil policies and rents among powerful oil industry actors in private and public companies, public institutions, banks and unions are embedded in this moral economy. Thus, in moments of political-economic crisis, oil elites often attempt to persuade the public to perceive them as principled oil managers and their elite competitors as morally corrupt in order to legitimate new or renewed claims on oil. In Ecuador, I explore such a moral economy of oil. First, I detail the corruption narratives that oil elites have used in distinct historical conjunctures to shape moral perceptions of the actors who manage oil reserves and rents. Second, I detail a conjuncture in the early years of the Rafael Correa regime, when indigenous groups in the northern Amazon tried to leverage ancestral claims to oil-rich territories to form an indigenous-owned oil company called Alian Petrol. Traditional oil elites publicly denounced Alian Petrol as immoral. I build on classical theories of moral economy by signalling how elites exploited stereotypes of ethnic difference, contrasting the particularity of indigeneity with the universality of technocratic, mestizo authority, to cultivate moral expectations about continued elite control of oil resources and rents. This case allows us to consider how and when elites foster ethnic difference to actively shape moral economies of oil in postcolonial contexts.