Distributed Hierarchical Processing in the Primate Cerebral Cortex
Distributed Hierarchical Processing in the Primate Cerebral Cortex
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/1.1.1
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发表时间：
1991-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Van Essen, David C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Felleman, Daniel J.;Van Essen, David C.
近年来，在猕猴中发现了许多新的皮质区。已查明的区域间联系的数量增加得更快。我们在这里报告（1）与视觉和其他形式相关的皮层区域布局的总结，（2）用于存储和表示大量连接模式信息的计算机化数据库，以及（3）这些数据在大脑皮层分层组织分析中的应用。我们的分析集中在视觉系统，其中包括25个新皮层区域，主要或专门的视觉功能，加上额外的7个区域，我们认为作为视觉联想区的基础上，他们的广泛的视觉输入。在这32个视觉和视觉关联区域中，共有305个连接被报道。如果每个区域都与所有其他区域相连，这代表了可能的路径数量的31%。实际连通程度可能接近40%。绝大多数的路径涉及区域之间的相互连接。视觉系统外的皮层区域也有广泛的联系，包括躯体感觉皮层，以及颞叶和额叶的新皮层、过渡区和原皮层区域。在躯体感觉/运动系统中，有62条已识别的通路连接13个皮层区域，表明整体连接性约为40%。基于区域之间的连接的层状模式，我们提出了一个层次结构的视觉区和体感/运动区，这是更全面的比那些建议在最近的研究。当前版本的视觉层次包括10个皮层处理级别。如果将视网膜和外侧膝状体核（位于底部）以及内嗅皮层和海马（位于顶部）包括在内，那么它总共包含14个层次。在这个层次结构中，有多个相互交织的处理流，在低层次上，这些处理流与VI区和V2区的房室组织有关，在高层次上，这些处理流与颞叶和顶叶中的处理中心之间的区别有关。然而，有一些路径和关系（约占总数的10%），由于这样或那样的原因，它们的描述并不完全符合这个层次结构。不过，在大多数情况下，不清楚这些是否是严格等级制度的真正例外，而不是报告的任务中的不准确或不确定性。
In recent years, many new cortical areas have been identified in the macaque monkey. The number of identified connections between areas has increased even more dramatically. We report here on (1) a summary of the layout of cortical areas associated with vision and with other modalities, (2) a computerized database for storing and representing large amounts of information on connectivity patterns, and (3) the application of these data to the analysis of hierarchical organization of the cerebral cortex. Our analysis concentrates on the visual system, which includes 25 neocortical areas that are predominantly or exclusively visual in function, plus an additional 7 areas that we regard as visual-association areas on the basis of their extensive visual inputs. A total of 305 connections among these 32 visual and visual-association areas have been reported. This represents 31% of the possible number of pathways if each area were connected with all others. The actual degree of connectivity is likely to be closer to 40%. The great majority of pathways involve reciprocal connections between areas. There are also extensive connections with cortical areas outside the visual system proper, including the somatosensory cortex, as well as neocortical, transitional, and archicortical regions in the temporal and frontal lobes. In the somatosensory/motor system, there are 62 identified pathways linking 13 cortical areas, suggesting an overall connectivity of about 40%. Based on the laminar patterns of connections between areas, we propose a hierarchy of visual areas and of somatosensory/motor areas that is more comprehensive than those suggested in other recent studies. The current version of the visual hierarchy includes 10 levels of cortical processing. Altogether, it contains 14 levels if one includes the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus at the bottom as well as the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus at the top. Within this hierarchy, there are multiple, intertwined processing streams, which, at a low level, are related to the compartmental organization of areas VI and V2 and, at a high level, are related to the distinction between processing centers in the temporal and parietal lobes. However, there are some pathways and relationships (about 10% of the total) whose descriptions do not fit cleanly into this hierarchical scheme for one reason or another. In most instances, though, it is unclear whether these represent genuine exceptions to a strict hierarchy rather than inaccuracies or uncertainties in the reported assignment.