Dynamic genome evolution and complex virocell metabolism of globally-distributed giant viruses
Dynamic genome evolution and complex virocell metabolism of globally-distributed giant viruses
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-020-15507-2
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发表时间：
2020-04-06
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Aylward, Frank O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moniruzzaman, Mohammad;Martinez-Gutierrez, Carolina A.;Aylward, Frank O.
真核巨型病毒的发现改变了我们对病毒复杂性极限的理解，但其编码的代谢多样性的程度仍不清楚。在这里，我们从全球环境中生成了501个核质大DNA病毒(NCLDV)的元基因组，并分析了它们的编码功能。我们报告了广泛传播的巨型病毒中代谢基因的显著多样性，包括许多参与营养吸收、采光和氮代谢的基因。令人惊讶的是，许多NCLDV编码糖酵解和TCA循环的组成部分，这表明它们可以重新编程宿主中心碳代谢的基本方面。我们对NCLDV代谢基因及其细胞同源物的系统发育分析表明，病毒序列明显地聚为不同的分支，表明这些基因是病毒特异性的，并且是在遥远的过去获得的。总体而言，我们的发现显示，巨型病毒编码复杂的代谢能力，其进化历史在很大程度上独立于细胞生命，强烈暗示它们是全球生物地球化学循环的重要驱动因素。
The discovery of eukaryotic giant viruses has transformed our understanding of the limits of viral complexity, but the extent of their encoded metabolic diversity remains unclear. Here we generate 501 metagenome-assembled genomes of Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDV) from environments around the globe, and analyze their encoded functional capacity. We report a remarkable diversity of metabolic genes in widespread giant viruses, including many involved in nutrient uptake, light harvesting, and nitrogen metabolism. Surprisingly, numerous NCLDV encode the components of glycolysis and the TCA cycle, suggesting that they can re-program fundamental aspects of their host's central carbon metabolism. Our phylogenetic analysis of NCLDV metabolic genes and their cellular homologs reveals distinct clustering of viral sequences into divergent clades, indicating that these genes are virus-specific and were acquired in the distant past. Overall our findings reveal that giant viruses encode complex metabolic capabilities with evolutionary histories largely independent of cellular life, strongly implicating them as important drivers of global bio-geochemical cycles.