The semantics of possessives
The semantics of possessives
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所有格的语义
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Westerståhl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Peters;D. Westerståhl
我们通过检查广泛的英语例子，前名和后名，量化和非量化来研究所有格的含义，以达到它们的一般，系统的真值条件。在此过程中，我们描述了一类丰富的具有跨语言兴趣的范式所有格，并利用其特有的语义属性。一种是，所有这些都涉及（隐式或显式）对已拥有实体的量化。另一个是，这种量化总是带有存在的意义，即使量词在拥有的实体上本身没有。我们表明，这种属性，称为所有格存在的重要性，与缩小的概念密切相关（Barker 1995）。窄化对所有格意义的构成分析具有启示意义。我们将提出的语义学应用于关系名词的所有格的确定性、所有格的否定、分词和名前所有格、名后所有格和补语、所有格关系的自由以及名前和名后所有格之间的语义关系等问题。
We investigate what possessives mean by examining a wide range of English examples, pre-and postnominal, quantified and nonquantified, to arrive at general, systematic truth conditions for them. In the process, we delineate a rich class of paradigmatic possessives having crosslinguistic interest, exploiting characteristic semantic properties. One is that all involve (implicit or explicit) quantification over possessed entities. Another is that this quantification always carries existential import, even when the quantifier over possessed entities itself does not. We show that this property, termed possessive existential import, is intimately related to the notion of narrowing (Barker 1995). Narrowing has implications for compositionally analyzing possessives’ meaning. We apply the proposed semantics to the issues of the definiteness of possessives, negation of possessives, partitives and prenominal possessives, postnominal possessives and complements of relational nouns, freedom of the possessive relation, and the semantic relationship between pre- and postnominal possessives.