Changes in species richness and composition in European acidic grasslands over the past 70 years: the contribution of cumulative atmospheric nitrogen deposition
Changes in species richness and composition in European acidic grasslands over the past 70 years: the contribution of cumulative atmospheric nitrogen deposition
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01982.x
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Diekmann, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dupre, Cecilia;Stevens, Carly J.;Diekmann, Martin
我们的研究调查的负面影响，氮（N）沉降对物种丰富度在酸性草原，植被数据跨越近70年的时间比较的基础上。我们编制了一个大型数据库的地块分配到Violion caninae草原类型，由管理，但未施肥的半天然草原营养不良，酸性土壤。总共有1114块地，主要来自英国、荷兰和德国，可以追溯到1939年。环境站点信息包括地理和土壤（平均Ellenberg值）变量以及自1939年以来累积的N和硫（S）沉积的估计。分别对三个区域的数据子集进行统计分析。在所有地区，植被分化主要与土壤酸度和养分有效性，以及采样的年份和累积量的N和S的沉降。地块物种丰富度的维管植物和bratelites（分析仅为英国）随着时间的推移而下降，分析表明，这些都受到各种因素的影响，特别是土壤pH值，但也纬度和累积N沉积。后者解释了更多的物种数量的变化比采样年和累积S沉积，这支持了物种丰富度的下降主要是由增加N的可用性和改变管理和土壤酸化的解释。对于英国和德国，累积氮沉降表现出很强的负相关性与几个生物多样性的措施，特别是双子叶植物的比例，而它是正相关的草种的比例。在一般情况下，我们的研究结果提供了时间的证据，在半自然植被的物种丰富度的氮沉降的负面影响。
Our study investigates the negative impact of nitrogen (N) deposition on species richness in acidic grasslands, based on a temporal comparison of vegetation data spanning a period of almost 70 years. We compiled a large data base of plots assigned to the Violion caninae grassland type, composed of managed, but unfertilized semi-natural grasslands on nutrient-poor, acidic soils. In total 1114 plots, mainly from Great Britain, the Netherlands and Germany, were compiled, dating back to 1939. Environmental site information included geographical and soil (mean Ellenberg values) variables as well as estimates of cumulative N and sulphur (S) deposition since 1939. Statistical analyses were carried out separately for the data subsets from the three regions. In all regions, the vegetation differentiation was mainly related to soil acidity and nutrient availability, as well as to the year of sampling and the cumulative amounts of N and S deposition. Plot-species richness of vascular plants and bryophytes (analysed for Great Britain only) decreased with time and analyses suggest these are affected by various factors, notably soil pH, but also latitude and cumulative N deposition. The latter explained more of the variation in species number than the year of sampling and cumulative S deposition, which supports the interpretation that the decline in species richness is mainly caused by increasing N availability and less by altered management and soil acidification. For Great Britain and Germany, cumulative N deposition showed a strong negative relationship with several biodiversity measures, especially the proportion of dicots, whereas it was positively related to the proportion of grass species. In general, our results give temporal evidence for the negative effect of N deposition on species richness in semi-natural vegetation.