RelA Inhibits Bacillus subtilis Motility and Chaining
RelA Inhibits Bacillus subtilis Motility and Chaining
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DOI：
10.1128/jb.02063-14
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Herman, Jennifer K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ababneh, Qutaiba O.;Herman, Jennifer K.
核苷酸第二信使pppGpp和ppGpp [（p）ppGpp]负责在严格响应期间发生的转录、翻译、DNA复制和生长速率的全局下调。最近的研究表明，（p）ppGpp在许多非严格过程中也是一个重要的效应子，包括毒力，持留细胞形成和生物膜的产生。在枯草芽孢杆菌中，（p）ppGpp的产生主要由RelA（双功能（p）ppGpp合成酶/水解酶）和两种单功能（p）ppGpp合成酶YwaC和YjbM的净活性决定。我们在B中观察到。在枯草芽孢杆菌中，relA突变体仅生长为未链化的运动细胞，其表型由替代性σ因子SigD调节。我们的数据表明，relA突变体在指数生长期间被困在SigD“开启”状态，这暗示RelA和（p）ppGpp水平在B中调节细胞链和运动性。枯草芽孢杆菌我们的研究结果还表明，基础（p）ppGpp水平的微小变化可以显着扭曲发育决策的结果。
The nucleotide second messengers pppGpp and ppGpp [(p) ppGpp] are responsible for the global downregulation of transcription, translation, DNA replication, and growth rate that occurs during the stringent response. More recent studies suggest that (p) ppGpp is also an important effector in many nonstringent processes, including virulence, persister cell formation, and biofilm production. In Bacillus subtilis, (p) ppGpp production is primarily determined by the net activity of RelA, a bifunctional (p) ppGpp synthetase/hydrolase, and two monofunctional (p) ppGpp synthetases, YwaC and YjbM. We observe that in B. subtilis, a relA mutant grows exclusively as unchained, motile cells, phenotypes regulated by the alternative sigma factor SigD. Our data indicate that the relA mutant is trapped in a SigD "on" state during exponential growth, implicating RelA and (p) ppGpp levels in the regulation of cell chaining and motility in B. subtilis. Our results also suggest that minor variations in basal (p) ppGpp levels can significantly skew developmental decision-making outcomes.