THE INITIATION OF VACCINIA INFECTION
THE INITIATION OF VACCINIA INFECTION
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DOI：
10.1016/0042-6822(60)90103-3
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发表时间：
1960-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
CAIRNS, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CAIRNS, J
在组织培养细胞中研究了牛痘病毒感染的起始和进展，利用h3 -胸腺嘧啶和自显像显示脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）的合成，荧光素偶联抗体显示病毒蛋白的合成。在多个感染细胞的感染粒子中，有一个粒子，即启动子，完成了感染过程中的一些关键步骤。在每个时间间隔内，每个感染粒子作为引发剂的概率都是恒定的。因此，细胞内发生起始的可能性取决于细胞内粒子的数量；它不依赖于细胞在有丝分裂周期中的位置。此外，所有细胞都有大约3个半小时的准备时间。在病毒DNA和表面抗原合成之前必须经过这个过程。一旦起始发生，准备期结束，病毒合成就开始了。细胞中的每个感染颗粒在细胞质中开始一个单独的病毒合成中心。在这些中心，DNA和病毒抗原的合成显然几乎同时开始。起始作用影响到所有将要在细胞中繁殖的粒子细胞中所有病毒合成的中心同时开始打开。复制的粒子在细胞间的分布不是随机的。这可能是因为细胞对感染的易感性不同。随着时间的推移，合成中心逐渐变大，直到多个中心融合。在这段时间里，在中心内部有一些搅拌：一次合成的DNA后来分布在比它最初占据的更大的区域。至少在第10个小时DNA可以被DNA酶获取。感染向邻近细胞的扩散伴随着来自亲本细胞细胞质的DNA的扩散。至少前9个小时是这样。感染后，被感染的细胞继续产生自己的核DNA。
The initiation and progress of vaccina virus infection has been studied in tissue culture cells, using H3-thymidine and autora-diography to show the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and fluorescein-coupled antibody to show the synthesis of virus protein. Among the infecting particles in a multiple infected cell one particle, the initiator, accomplishes some critical step in the process of infection. Each infecting particle has a constant probability, in each time interval, of acting as initiator. Thus the likelihood that initiation has occurred in a cell depends on the number of particles in it; it does not depend on the position of the cell in the mitotic cycle. In addition there is for all cells a preparatory period of about 3 1/2 hrs. which must elapse before synthesis of virus DNA and surface antigen. Once initiation has occurred and the preparatory period is over, virus synthesis begins. Each infecting particle in a cell starts a separate center of virus synthesis in the cytoplasm. In these centers synthesis of DNA and virus antigen apparently start at about the same time. The act of initiation affects all the particles that are going to multiply in the cell all centers of virus synthesis in a cell start opening at the same time. The distribution among cells of particles that replicate is not random. This is probably because the cells vary in susceptibility to infection. With time the centers of synthesis become progressively larger until, if multiple, they fuse. During this time there is some stirring within the centers: DNA synthesized at one time later becomes distributed over a greater area than it originally occupied. At least up to the 10th hour the DNA is accessible to DNase. Spread of infection to neighboring cells is accompanied by spread of DNA from the cytoplasm of the parent cell. For at least the first 9 hrs. after infection, the infected cell continues to produce its own nuclear DNA.