A second-generation anti TB vaccine is long overdue.
A second-generation anti TB vaccine is long overdue.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/1476-0711-3-10
复制
发表时间：
2004-06-03
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Lopez-Vidal, Yolanda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castanon-Arreola, Mauricio;Lopez-Vidal, Yolanda
牛分枝杆菌BCG疫苗显著降低了50%的结核病风险，并继续在世界各地用于预防结核病。然而，在某些地理区域，这种做法已被证明是无效的。60多年前就描述了不同BCG菌株的存在，这些菌株的抗原含量不同，但BCG菌株中的基因突变尚未显示出影响其保护作用。在1993年结核病被宣布为全球紧急情况后，目前的研究试图开发一种新的更有效的疫苗。利用新技术，重组、营养缺陷型、DNA、亚单位和在遗传学上密切相关的分枝杆菌，天然或遗传减毒的，已被用作动物模型中的疫苗，但它们的保护效力低于当前BCG疫苗所提供的保护效力。今天，必须做出重大努力来了解不同的BCG疫苗株如何影响免疫应答以及为什么在某些情况下疫苗失败，以便我们能够合理地开发下一代结核病疫苗，将发达国家的患病率从10%降至2%以下。
Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine significantly reduces the risk of tuberculosis by 50% and continues to be used to prevent tuberculosis around the world. However, it has been shown to be ineffective in some geographical regions. The existence of different BCG strains was described more than 60 years ago, these vary in their antigenic content but the genetic mutations in BCG strains have yet been shown to affect their protection. After the declaration of tuberculosis as a global emergency in 1993, current research attempts to develop a novel more-effective vaccine. Using new technologies, recombinant, auxotroph, DNA, subunit and phylogenetically closely related mycobacteria, naturally or genetically attenuated, have been used as vaccines in animal models, but their protective efficacy, is less than that offered by the current BCG vaccine. Today it is mandatory that a major effort be made to understand how different BCG vaccine strains influence immune response and why in some cases vaccines have failed, so we can rationally develop the next generation of tuberculosis vaccines to reduce the prevalence from 10% to less than 2 % for developed countries.