Formation and estimated toxicity of trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, and haloacetamides from the chlor(am)ination of acetaminophen
Formation and estimated toxicity of trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, and haloacetamides from the chlor(am)ination of acetaminophen
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对乙酰氨基酚氯（氨）化过程中三卤甲烷、卤乙腈和卤乙酰胺的形成和估计毒性
DOI：
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.049
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发表时间：
2018-01-05
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Du, Erdeng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ding, Shunke;Chu, Wenhai;Du, Erdeng
作为饮用水源的天然沃茨中出现的药品和个人护理产品引起了人们的关注。此外，那些通过处理不完全去除的化合物有机会在随后的消毒过程中形成有毒的消毒副产物（DBP）。在这项研究中，对乙酰氨基酚（Apap），通常用于治疗疼痛和发热，被选为模型PPCP。研究了Apap氯化（胺化）过程中含碳和含氮DBPs的生成，即三卤甲烷、卤乙腈和卤乙酰胺。在氯化过程中，氯仿（CF）、二氯乙腈（DCAN）、二氯乙酰胺（DCAcAm）和三氯乙酰胺（TCAcAm）的产率都高于氯胺化。在氯化和氯胺化过程中，CF的产率在48 h内持续增加。在氯化过程中，随着氯/Apap摩尔比从1增加到20，CF产率从0.33 +/- 0.02%增加到2.52 +/-0.15%，而DCAN、DCAcAm和TCAcAm的产率都先增加后减少。相反，在氯胺化过程中，增加氯胺剂量增强了所有DBPs的形成。酸性条件有利于含氮DBP的形成，无论氯化或chloramination，而碱性条件增强CF的形成。提出了两个建议的形成机制。氯化过程中形成的分析的消毒副产物的遗传毒性和细胞毒性比那些从chioramination 2个数量级。(C)2017爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in natural waters, which act as drinking water sources, raises concerns. Moreover, those compounds incompletely removed by treatment have the chance to form toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during subsequent disinfection. In this study, acetaminophen (Apap), commonly used to treat pain and fever, was selected as a model PPCP. The formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous DBPs, namely trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, and haloacetamides, during chlor(am)ination of Apap was investigated. Yields of chloroform (CF), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), dicholoacetamide (DCAcAm), and tricholoacetamide (TCAcAm), during chlorination were all higher than from chloramination. The yields of CF continuously increased over 48 h during both chlorination and chloramination. During chlorination, as the chlorine/Apap molar ratios increased from 1 to 20, CF yields increased from 0.33 +/- 0.02% to 2.52 +/- 0.15%, while the yields of DCAN, DCAcAm and TCAcAm all increased then decreased. In contrast, during chloramination, increased chloramine doses enhanced the formation of all DBPs.Acidic conditions favored nitrogenous DBP formation, regardless of chlorination or chioramination, whereas alkaline conditions enhanced CF formation. Two proposed formation mechanisms are presented. The analysed DBPs formed during chlorination were 2 orders of magnitude more genotoxic and cytotoxicity than those from chioramination. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.