STATE CRIMES OF PREVIOUS REGIMES - KNOWLEDGE, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND THE POLICING OF THE PAST
STATE CRIMES OF PREVIOUS REGIMES - KNOWLEDGE, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND THE POLICING OF THE PAST
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1747-4469.1995.tb00681.x
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发表时间：
1995-12-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
COHEN, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COHEN, S
清洗政策是在应对前政权滥用权力的背景下制定的。作者以最近三种社会重建形式(在拉丁美洲、前共产主义国家和南非)为例，回顾了关于“转型中的正义”的争论。正在经历民主化的社会如何面对前政权犯下的侵犯人权行为？审查了这场辩论的五个方面：(1)真相：确立和正视对过去发生的事情的了解；(2)司法：通过三种可能的方法使罪犯对其过去的违法行为负责：刑法惩罚、赔偿和恢复原状以及大规模取消资格，如清洗；(3)有罪不罚：赦免以前的罪犯；(4)赎罪；(5)和解与重建。结束性讨论提出了这一主题对时间和社会控制研究的影响。
The policy of lustration is set in the context of responses to abuses of power by previous regimes. Using examples from three recent forms of social reconstruction (in Latin America, the former communist states, and South Africa), the author reviews the ''justice in transition'' debate. How do societies going through democratization confront the human rights violations committed by the previous regime? Five aspects of this debate are reviewed: (1) truth: establishing and confronting the knowledge of what happened in the past; (2) justice: making offenders accountable for their past violations through three possible methods: punishment through the criminal law, compensation and restitution, and mass disqualification such as lustration; (3) impunity: giving amnesty to previous offenders; (4) expiation; and (5) reconciliation and reconstruction. A concluding discussion raises the implications of the subject for the study of time and social control.