Kisspeptin and Seasonality of Reproduction
Kisspeptin and Seasonality of Reproduction
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_19
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Caraty, Alain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Clarke, Iain J.;Caraty, Alain
野生和驯化的物种在繁殖功能上表现出季节性，主要受光周期控制。繁殖状态的季节性变化是由调节促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）细胞的上游神经元传入介导的促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）分泌变化引起的。特别是，kisspeptin似乎发挥了重要作用的季节性繁殖，转导反馈效应的性腺类固醇激素，以及具有独立的（非类固醇依赖性）circannual节奏。关于这个问题的大量数据已经从绵羊和仓鼠的研究中获得，本文对此进行了详细审查。Kisspeptin功能在绵羊的繁殖季节上调，刺激生殖功能，但在西伯利亚和叙利亚仓鼠中发现了矛盾的数据。kisspeptin细胞在非繁殖季节的相对静止可以通过肽的施用来抵消，导致生殖功能的激活。虽然褪黑激素在光周期到生殖系统的转导中起着重要作用，但kisspeptin细胞似乎不表达褪黑激素受体，因此季节性改变kisspeptin活性水平的方式仍然未知。
Wild and domesticated species display seasonality in reproductive function, controlled predominantly by photoperiod. Seasonal alterations in breeding status are caused by changes in the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that are mediated by upstream neuronal afferents that regulate the GnRH cells. In particular, kisspeptin appears to play a major role in seasonality of reproduction, transducing the feedback effect of gonadal steroids as well as having an independent (nonsteroid dependent) circannual rhythm. A substantial body of data on this issue has been obtained from studies in sheep and hamsters and this is reviewed here in detail. Kisspeptin function is upregulated during the breeding season in sheep, stimulating reproductive function, but contradictory data are found in Siberian and Syrian hamsters. The relative quiescence of kisspeptin cells in the nonbreeding season can be counteracted by administration of the peptide, leading to activation of reproductive function. Although there is a major role for melatonin in the transduction of photoperiod to the reproductive system, kisspeptin cells do not appear to express the melatonin receptor, so the means by which seasonality changes the level of kisspeptin activity remains unknown.