Alterations in immune cells and mediators in the brain: it's not always neuroinflammation!
Alterations in immune cells and mediators in the brain: it's not always neuroinflammation!
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DOI：
10.1111/bpa.12198
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发表时间：
2014-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McAllister AK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Estes ML;McAllister AK
神经炎症曾经是一个明确定义的术语，表示CNS内的病理性免疫过程。历史上，该术语用于表示严重CNS损伤（如中风、损伤或感染）后发生的外周炎症的四个标志。然而，最近，神经炎症的定义已经放宽到这样一个程度，即使只测量了一个经典的炎症标志，现在也经常假设它存在。因此，从精神疾病到退行性疾病的广泛疾病现在被认为具有不可或缺的炎症成分。具有讽刺意味的是，与此同时，研究揭示了在没有病理的情况下CNS中免疫介质和细胞的意外非经典免疫作用，增加了CNS中稳态和适应性免疫过程被误认为神经炎症的可能性。因此，我们建议将术语神经炎症保留在存在多种炎症体征的情况下，以避免错误地将疾病分类为炎症，而这些疾病可能是由非免疫病因或起适应性作用的继发性免疫过程引起的。
Neuroinflammation was once a clearly defined term denoting pathological immune processes within the CNS. Historically this term was used to indicate the four hallmarks of peripheral inflammation that occur following severe CNS injuries like stroke, injury or infection. Recently, however, the definition of neuroinflammation has relaxed to the point that it is often now assumed to be present when even only a single classical hallmark of inflammation is measured. As a result, a wide range of disorders, from psychiatric to degenerative diseases, are now assumed to have an integral inflammatory component. Ironically, at the same time, research has revealed unexpected non-classical immune actions of immune mediators and cells in the CNS in the absence of pathology, increasing the likelihood that homeostatic and adaptive immune processes in the CNS will be mistaken for neuroinflammation. Thus, we suggest reserving the term neuroinflammation for contexts where multiple signs of inflammation are present to avoid erroneously classifying disorders as inflammatory when they may instead be caused by non-immune etiologies or secondary immune processes that serve adaptive roles.
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影响因子：
25
作者：
Ajami, Bahareh;Bennett, Jami L.;Rossi, Fabio M. V.
通讯作者：
Rossi, Fabio M. V.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Crain, Jessica M.;Nikodemova, Maria;Watters, Jyoti J.
通讯作者：
Watters, Jyoti J.
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3441-12.2013
发表时间：
2013-03-06
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cunningham CL;Martínez-Cerdeño V;Noctor SC
通讯作者：
Noctor SC
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Byram, SC;Carson, MJ;Jones, KJ
通讯作者：
Jones, KJ
影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Balosso, S;Ravizza, T;Vezzani, A
通讯作者：
Vezzani, A