Socioeconomic Inequalities in Infant and Child Mortality among Urban and Rural Areas in Sub-Saharan Africa
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Infant and Child Mortality among Urban and Rural Areas in Sub-Saharan Africa
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撒哈拉以南非洲城乡地区婴儿和儿童死亡率的社会经济不平等
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Tambashe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Akoto;B. Tambashe
关于撒哈拉以南非洲城市和农村死亡率差异的研究表明，总体死亡率，特别是婴儿和儿童死亡率，城市地区普遍低于农村地区(Akoto和Tabutin，1989)。造成这一现象的原因是多方面的，包括城市中心的受薪工人(通常收入较高)高度集中，城市地区有更好的教育，提供卫生服务的公共基础设施集中在城市地区，包括供水、家庭垃圾和排泄物的清除和消毒，以及医院基础设施，城市地区的卫生条件比农村地区更有利。据观察，城市地区死亡率过高往往归因于自然环境的自然条件，特别是季节和气候条件，以及主要由经济危机造成的城市地区生活条件的不稳定。
Studies on urban-rural mortality differentials in Sub-Saharan Africa show that overall mortality, and infant and child mortality in particular, is generally lower in urban than in rural areas (Akoto and Tabutin, 1989). Various factors account for this, including the high concentration of salaried workers (who generally have higher incomes) in urban centers, better education in urban areas, the concentration of public infrastructure in urban areas that provides sanitation services, including water supply, household waste and excreta removal and disinfection, and hospital infrastructure, with health conditions that are more favorable in urban than in rural areas. When observed, excess mortality in urban areas is often attributed to natural conditions in the physical environment, to seasonal and climatic conditions in particular, and the precariousness of living conditions in urban areas, caused mainly by the economic crisis.