Neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent shifts in risk preferences
Neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent shifts in risk preferences
复制标题
风险偏好情境依赖性转变背后的神经机制
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.054
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
A. Sanfey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. L. Vermeer;Maarten A. S. Boksem;A. Sanfey
对风险决策的研究表明，人类在遭受财务损失后通常更喜欢风险选择，而在获得金钱收益后通常更喜欢更安全的选择。在这里，我们研究了这些不一致的风险偏好背后的神经过程，通过调查收益和损失的评估，并展示了这些反应如何影响随后对风险或安全选择选项的偏好。参与者在接受功能磁共振成像时执行一项任务，他们在其中经历了收益和损失。在赢或输之后，参与者立即决定参加或放弃“加倍或退出”的赌博。赌博的结果可能是加倍或消除他们最初的收益（从时间估计任务）或赎回或加倍他们最初的损失。如果他们选择不玩这个赌博，他们保留最初的收益或损失。我们证明了风险承担偏好的变化，作为以前的收益或损失的函数相同的赌博集，与参与者表现出更大的偏好，在先前的损失的情况下，对风险更大的决策。评估收益/损失的情况下，随后的行为风险模式之间的相互作用，显示了增加的BOLD反应在腹内侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC），更强的反应，赌博的损失和安全的增益范围内。这表明vmPFC负责整合这些背景效应，这些过程影响随后的风险选择。
Studies of risky decision-making have demonstrated that humans typically prefer risky options after incurring a financial loss, while generally preferring safer options after a monetary gain. Here, we examined the neural processes underlying these inconsistent risk preferences by investigating the evaluation of gains and losses, and demonstrating how these responses can impact subsequent preference for either risky or safe choice options. Participants performed a task while undergoing fMRI in which they experienced both gains and losses. Immediately following a gain or loss, participants decided to either play or pass on a “double-or-quits” gamble. The outcome of the gamble could either double or eliminate their initial gain (from the time-estimation task) or redeem or double their initial loss. If they chose not to play this gamble, they retained the initial gain or loss. We demonstrate a shift in risk-taking preferences for identical sets of gambles as a function of previous gains or losses, with participants showing a greater preference towards riskier decisions in the context of a prior loss. An interaction between evaluating gain/loss contexts and subsequent behavioral risk pattern revealed an increased BOLD response in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), with stronger responses for both gambling in a loss context and safety in a gain context. This suggests that the vmPFC is responsible for integrating these contextual effects, with these processes impacting on subsequent risky choice.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Sokol-Hessner, Peter;Camerer, Colin F.;Phelps, Elizabeth A.
通讯作者：
Phelps, Elizabeth A.