Diversity of astrocyte functions and phenotypes in neural circuits.
Diversity of astrocyte functions and phenotypes in neural circuits.
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星形胶质细胞功能和神经回路中表型的多样性。
DOI：
10.1038/nn.4043
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
25
通讯作者：
Sofroniew MV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khakh BS;Sofroniew MV
星形胶质细胞铺满整个中枢神经系统。它们对神经回路功能至关重要，但传统上被视为简单的同质细胞，在任何地方都发挥着同样的基本支持作用。在这里，我们总结了令人兴奋的突破，而不是表明星形胶质细胞代表了一群复杂的和功能多样化的细胞。星形胶质细胞的生理多样性在不同的脑回路和微回路之间是明显的，单个星形胶质细胞在亚细胞室内显示不同的信号。在损伤和疾病方面，星形胶质细胞经历不同的表型变化，这些变化可能是保护性的，也可能是与病理相关的，与上下文相关的方式。这些新的见解预示着这样一个概念，即星形胶质细胞代表着一种不同的遗传易受控制的细胞群体，这些细胞在健康和疾病中发挥着神经回路特有的作用。
Astrocytes tile the entire CNS. They are vital for neural circuit function, but have traditionally been viewed as simple homogenous cells that serve the same essential supportive roles everywhere. Here, we summarize exciting breakthroughs that instead indicate astrocytes represent a population of complex and functionally diverse cells. Physiological diversity of astrocytes is apparent between different brain circuits and microcircuits, and individual astrocytes display diverse signaling within subcellular compartments. With respect to injury and disease, astrocytes undergo diverse phenotypic changes that may be protective or causative with regard to pathology in a context dependent manner. These new insights herald the concept that astrocytes represent a diverse population of genetically tractable cells that mediate neural circuit specific roles in health and disease.