Effects of noise type and retinal eccentricity on age differences in identification and localization.
Effects of noise type and retinal eccentricity on age differences in identification and localization.
复制标题
噪声类型和视网膜偏心率对识别和定位中年龄差异的影响。
DOI：
10.1093/geronj/43.4.p91
复制
发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kline,DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scialfa,CT;Kline,DW
20名年轻人（M = 24岁）和20名老年人（M = 62岁）在三种噪声条件下分别识别并定位了两个非中心凹性的目标字母。目标被孤立地呈现，嵌入在特征相似的干扰物中，或嵌入在特征与替代反应相似的干扰物中。老年人识别目标的速度通常较慢，尤其是在多元素数组中。在目标相似的识别准确度上，年龄差异有利于老年人，但年轻人在交替相似的噪音中识别目标更准确。定位错误在老年人中更大，他们表现出将目标定位到中心阵列位置的偏见。噪声效应的年龄差异被解释为编码阵列到初级检测响应水平所需的时间整合持续时间的个体变化（Estes, 1982）。当年轻人的能见度下降时，模型的预测得到了小规模的验证，然后他们产生了与老年人相似的表现档案
Twenty young (M = 24 yrs), and 20 older adults (M = 62 yrs) identified and localized two target letters presented nonfoveally in each of three noise conditions. Targets were presented in isolation, embedded in featurally similar distractors, or embedded in distractors that were featurally similar to the alternate response. Older adults were generally slower to identify targets, particularly in multi-element arrays. Age differences favoring the elderly were found in target-similar identification accuracy, but the young identified targets more accurately in alternate-similar noise. Localization errors were greater among the elderly, who exhibited a bias to localize targets to central array positions. Age differences in noise effects are explained as resulting from ontogenic change in the duration of temporal integration required to encode arrays to the level of a primary detection response (Estes, 1982). The model's predictions were given small-scale validation when visibility was decreased in young adults who then produced performance profiles similar to the elderly