'Open Source Campaigning?’: UK Party Organisations and the Use of the New Media in the 2010 General Election
'Open Source Campaigning?’: UK Party Organisations and the Use of the New Media in the 2010 General Election
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“开源竞选？”：2010 年大选中英国政党组织和新媒体的使用
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
Rachel Gibson
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作者：
Rachel Gibson
本文探讨了英国政党在2010年大选中利用新的社交媒体工具动员成员和更广泛的支持者的努力。它特别关注五个政党-工党，保守党，自由民主党，苏格兰国民党和英国民族党-每个政党都在网络上建立了独立的竞选“中心”，供非成员加入，网络，最重要的是为该党采取行动。设立这些竞选中心网站被视为政党政治的一个重要发展，因为它们有可能重组竞选管理，特别是将权力转移给志愿人员和非党员。本文调查了在何种程度上促进更大的基层参与和自主权的网站在英国政党的竞选管理实践。它首先阐述了“公民参与”的概念，这是一种新的网络活动模式，让非精英/非成员以共同制作人的角色参与运动。一个编码方案（来自美国2008年的竞选活动）被设计来衡量和比较公民竞选活动的程度，通过党的网站。这是基于五个核心竞选功能，并衡量他们在多大程度上是党或公民控制。得出的结论是，在何种程度上，这些网站代表了一个真正的开放和权力下放的支持者。
This paper examines efforts by UK parties to use new social media tools to mobilize members and wider supporters in the 2010 General election. It focuses on five parties specifically – Labour, the Conservatives, the LibDems, the Scottish Nationalist Party and the British National Party – each of which, set up separate campaign ‘hubs’ on the web for non-members to join, network and most importantly undertake action for the party. The introduction of these campaign hub sites is seen as an important development in party politics in terms of the potential they hold for restructuring the management of campaigns, particularly with regard to shifting power to volunteers and non-members. The paper investigates the extent to which the sites promoted greater grassroots involvement and autonomy within UK parties’ campaign management practices. It does so by first articulating the concept of ‘citizen-campaigning’, a new web-enabled mode of activism that engages non-elites/non-members with the campaign in a co-producer role. A coding scheme (derived from U.S. campaign efforts in 2008) is devised to measure and compare the extent of citizen-campaigning made possible through the party sites. This is based around five core campaign functions and measures the extent to which they are party or citizen-controlled. Conclusions are drawn about the extent to which the sites represented a genuine opening up and devolution of power out to supporters.