Financially sustainable investments in developing countries water sectors: what conditions could promote private sector involvement?
Financially sustainable investments in developing countries water sectors: what conditions could promote private sector involvement?
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DOI：
10.1007/s10784-008-9066-6
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发表时间：
2008-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nadia Tecco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nadia Tecco
公共资源的缺乏和国际援助的不足造成了发展中国家水部门的严重危机，因为对水部门的投资低于改善和提高其效率所必需的水平。因此，私人投资可以在建立新的基础设施和改组现有服务方面发挥关键作用。事实上，根据全球水伙伴关系的预测，为了实现与水有关的联合国千年发展目标，需要将该领域的投资水平从每年750亿美元增加到1800亿美元。2000年在海牙举行的第二届世界水论坛的“行动计划”指出，水务部门95%的额外投资应来自私营部门，强调私营部门需要通过公私伙伴关系更广泛地参与。这意味着从财务角度来看，水必须成为一种更具吸引力的商品；然而，这一过程需要有强有力的监管和法律制度、透明的合同程序和各方之间的风险分配。现在的情况如何？通过对私营部门行为和投资金额的分析，以及对水的生产和供应的经济特征的描述，这些特征使得私营部门难以有效地参与其中，本文提出了发展中国家水部门投资的财务可持续性所需的条件。
A scarcity of public resources and insufficient international aid have contributed to the deep crisis that water sectors in developing countries are in, as less has been invested than is considered necessary to improve and increase their efficiency. Private investment could therefore play a crucial role in the building of new infrastructure and in the restructuring of existing services. In fact, according to the Global Water Partnership’s forecasts, to achieve the UN Millennium Development Goal related to water, it will be necessary to increase the level of investment per year in the sector from 75 billion dollars to 180 billion dollars. The “Plan of Action” of the Second World Water Forum held in The Hague in 2000 stated that 95% of the additional investments in the water sector should come from the private sector, underlining the need for wider participation by the private sector through public–private partnerships. This means that water has to become a more attractive good from a financial point of view; however, this process requires the existence of a strong regulatory and legal system, transparent contractual procedures and risk allocation between parties. What is the present situation? Through analysis of the private sector’s behaviour and amounts invested, and a description of the economic features of production and provision of water that have made it difficult for the private sector to be involved in an efficient way, this paper proposes the conditions required for the financial sustainability of investments in water sectors in developing countries.