Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers.
Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers.
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DOI：
10.3390/vaccines4020012
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发表时间：
2016-04-19
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Sucheck SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vartak A;Sucheck SJ
与减毒活疫苗相比，合成亚单位抗原的免疫原性较低，目前正在通过改进疫苗载体来解决这一问题。最近的报告表明，这些载体的物理化学性质可以被改变，以实现最佳的抗原呈递、内体逃逸、颗粒生物分布和细胞运输。载体可以用各种抗原和配体修饰，以用于树突状细胞靶向。它们还可以用共价或包裹在基质中的佐剂进行修饰，以提高对抗原的细胞和体液免疫反应。因此，这些多功能载体系统正被探索用于癌症和传染病的主动免疫治疗。先进的技术、改进的分析方法和计算方法的使用也促进了亚单位疫苗载体的发展。该综述详细介绍了纳米颗粒疫苗载体设计的最新突破，包括脂质体、聚合物纳米颗粒和无机纳米颗粒。
The lower immunogenicity of synthetic subunit antigens, compared to live attenuated vaccines, is being addressed with improved vaccine carriers. Recent reports indicate that the physio-chemical properties of these carriers can be altered to achieve optimal antigen presentation, endosomal escape, particle bio-distribution, and cellular trafficking. The carriers can be modified with various antigens and ligands for dendritic cells targeting. They can also be modified with adjuvants, either covalently or entrapped in the matrix, to improve cellular and humoral immune responses against the antigen. As a result, these multi-functional carrier systems are being explored for use in active immunotherapy against cancer and infectious diseases. Advancing technology, improved analytical methods, and use of computational methodology have also contributed to the development of subunit vaccine carriers. This review details recent breakthroughs in the design of nano-particulate vaccine carriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles.