The Sex Pheromone of the Wasp Spider Argiope bruennichi
The Sex Pheromone of the Wasp Spider Argiope bruennichi
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DOI：
10.1002/anie.200906311
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Schidz, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chinta, Satya P.;Goller, Stephan;Schidz, Stefan
实验一：在德国波恩附近(北纬50 45‘7.63“，面积0.25km2)的草地上设置诱捕器，在那里布设诱捕器。这些测试是在2008年8月2日至8月13日的七个温暖和干燥的日子里进行的。诱捕器由三根木制烧烤棍组成的三脚架组成，这三根木制烧烤棍大约占其总长度的三分之二，两端指向不同的方向。末端涂有石蜡(Carl Roth)，以防止合成材料的快速蒸发(图S1)。将合成的(2R，3S)-和(2S，3S)-三甲基柠檬酸三甲酯6：1的混合物溶解在不同浓度的二氯甲烷中。在每次测试中，将100ug L溶液均匀分布在捕集器的石蜡末端。在距离40~50 cm处设置第二个仅含二氯甲烷的诱捕器作为对照诱捕器。每次试验后，捕捉被引诱的雄虫，并将诱捕器移动5-10米。首先，对7种浓度的受试化合物(25、12.5ug、1.15ug、0.625微克、0.3ug和0.15ug/100ug L，各4-10次试验，总试验次数N=56)与对照进行了对比试验。一个测试阶段被限制在30分钟内，在此期间记录雄性的接近和行为。如果雄性被诱捕器吸引，它们就不会接近或爬过对照诱捕器。试验中所有浓度的化合物都吸引了14%到100%的男性。这种差异可能不仅是因为测试化合物的数量不同，也可能是因为每次试验后移动的捕捉器附近有不同的雄性捕鼠器。因此，我们避免了对不同浓度的进一步统计比较，并得出结论，即使低浓度也能吸引雄性。接近的雄性(总计N=76只)爬上木棍，这被记录为成功的引诱。此外，96%的雄性在求爱时也表现出这种行为(将丝线从石蜡末端涂在植物上，抽动和腹部振动)。在7次试验中被0.15微克浓度吸引的单身男性也表现出求偶行为。
Experiment 1: Traps were put up in a meadow near Bonn, Germany,(50 45'7.63" N; area 0.25 km2) where A. bruennichi occurs in large numbers. The tests were performed during seven warm and dry days between August 2nd and August 13th 2008. A trap consisted of a tripod made of three wooden barbecue sticks that were crossed at around two thirds of their total length and whose ends pointed in different directions. The ends were coated with paraffin (Carl Roth) to prevent fast evaporation of the synthetic material (Figure S1). The synthetic 6: 1 mixture of (2R, 3S)-and (2S, 3S)-trimethyl methylcitrate was dissolved in dichloromethane in different concentrations. For each test 100 µl of the solution was distributed equally on the paraffin ends of a trap. A second trap with the dichloromethane only was put up at a distance of 40-50 cm as a control trap. After each trial, the males attracted were caught and the traps were moved 5-10 m. First, seven concentrations of the test compounds (25 µg, 12.5 µg, 1.15 µg, 0.625 µg, 0.3 µg, and 0.15 µg per 100µl, 4-10 trials each; total number of trials N= 56) were tested against the control. A single test phase was limited to 30 min during which the approach and behavior of males was recorded. If males were attracted to the trap site they never approached nor climbed the control trap. All concentrations of the test compounds attracted males ranging from 14% to 100% of trials. This variability may not only result from the varying amount of test compound but also from the varying availability of males in the vicinity of the traps which were moved after each trial. Thus we refrained from further statistical comparison of the different concentrations and conclude that even low concentrations can attract males. Approaching males (total N= 76) climbed the wooden sticks, which was recorded as successful attraction. Moreover, 96% of males showed behavioral bouts that also occur during courtship (application of silk strands from the paraffin ends to the vegetation, jerking and abdomen vibrations). The single male that was attracted during the 7 trials of the 0.15 µg concentration also showed courtship behavior.