News in livestock research - use of Omics-technologies to study the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of farm animals.
News in livestock research - use of Omics-technologies to study the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of farm animals.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.csbj.2014.12.005
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Seifert J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deusch S;Tilocca B;Camarinha-Silva A;Seifert J
下一代测序、质谱和生物信息学领域的技术进步促进了对高度复杂的生物样品的研究，例如对几乎占据所有现有生态位的微生物群落进行分类和功能表征。与通过宏基因组学分析获得的结构信息相比，元蛋白质组学方法还提供了关于所研究的微生物群的功能数据。在一般情况下，主要的OMIC技术（基因组学，转录组学，蛋白质组学和代谢组学）在生活科学的整合承诺有关特定研究对象的高度详细的信息，并有助于了解分子变化响应内部和外部环境因素。哺乳动物胃肠道中的微生物群落对宿主的新陈代谢至关重要，并对其生理和健康产生重大影响。鸡、猪和反刍动物等家畜的微生物学正成为兽医、动物营养学家和微生物学家关注的焦点。虽然猪更常用作人类相关研究的动物模型，但瘤胃微生物群含有多种将复杂碳水化合物转化为单体的酶，这些酶具有很高的生物技术应用潜力。本文将对近年来基于OMIC的家畜微生物群研究及其主要发现进行综述。将突出显示关于组学前方法在畜牧业中的结果的差异以及这个相对较新的组学平台的前景。
Technical progress in the field of next-generation sequencing, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics facilitates the study of highly complex biological samples such as taxonomic and functional characterization of microbial communities that virtually colonize all present ecological niches. Compared to the structural information obtained by metagenomic analyses, metaproteomic approaches provide, in addition, functional data about the investigated microbiota. In general, integration of the main Omics-technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) in live science promises highly detailed information about the specific research object and helps to understand molecular changes in response to internal and external environmental factors. The microbial communities settled in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract are essential for the host metabolism and have a major impact on its physiology and health. The microbiotas of livestock like chicken, pig and ruminants are becoming a focus of interest for veterinaries, animal nutritionists and microbiologists. While pig is more often used as an animal model for human-related studies, the rumen microbiota harbors a diversity of enzymes converting complex carbohydrates into monomers which bears high potential for biotechnological applications. This review will provide a general overview about the recent Omics-based research of the microbiota in livestock including its major findings. Differences concerning the results of pre-Omics-approaches in livestock as well as the perspectives of this relatively new Omics-platform will be highlighted.