The enigma of the apparent disappearance of Eurasian highly pathogenic H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A viruses in North American waterfowl
The enigma of the apparent disappearance of Eurasian highly pathogenic H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A viruses in North American waterfowl
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1608853113
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发表时间：
2016-08-09
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Webster, Robert G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krauss, Scott;Stallknecht, David E.;Webster, Robert G.
甲型流感病毒(IAV)生态学中尚未解决的主要问题之一是，高致病性(HP)H5N1、H5N2和H5N8(H5Nx)病毒明显从北美野生鸟类种群中消失，其中含有欧亚血凝素2.3.4.4分支。2014年底引入欧亚血统Hp H5分支2.3.4.4 H5N8 IAV，并随后与低致病性的H？N2和H？N1北美野生禽源IAV重新组合，导致Hp H5Nx IAV感染和暴发，从2014年11月开始，一直持续到2015年6月，北美三分之二的家禽和野鸟中爆发了HP H5Nx IAV。尽管加拿大和美国家禽业和动物卫生当局采取的消灭策略--包括扑杀、隔离、加强生物安全和不使用疫苗--成功地从家禽中根除了HPH5Nx病毒，但这些活动并不能解释这些病毒从候鸟中明显消失的原因。在这里，我们研究了当前和历史上水禽IAV监测以及美国和加拿大家禽中H5Nx的暴发，为限制这些天然水库中Hp禽流感病毒的出现和永久存在的尚未解决的机制提供了更多证据。
One of the major unresolved questions in influenza A virus (IAV) ecology is exemplified by the apparent disappearance of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1, H5N2, and H5N8 (H5Nx) viruses containing the Eurasian hemagglutinin 2.3.4.4 clade from wild bird populations in North America. The introduction of Eurasian lineage HP H5 clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 IAV and subsequent reassortment with low-pathogenic H?N2 and H?N1 North American wild bird-origin IAVs in late 2014 resulted in widespread HP H5Nx IAV infections and outbreaks in poultry and wild birds across two-thirds of North America starting in November 2014 and continuing through June 2015. Although the stamping out strategies adopted by the poultry industry and animal health authorities in Canada and the United States-which included culling, quarantining, increased biosecurity, and abstention from vaccine use-were successful in eradicating the HP H5Nx viruses from poultry, these activities do not explain the apparent disappearance of these viruses from migratory waterfowl. Here we examine current and historical aquatic bird IAV surveillance and outbreaks of HP H5Nx in poultry in the United States and Canada, providing additional evidence of unresolved mechanisms that restrict the emergence and perpetuation of HP avian influenza viruses in these natural reservoirs.