Contralateral effects of unilateral strength training: evidence and possible mechanisms
Contralateral effects of unilateral strength training: evidence and possible mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1152/japplphysiol.00531.2006
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gandevia, Simon C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carroll, Timothy J.;Herbert, Robert D.;Gandevia, Simon C.
如果练习是为了增加身体一侧的肌肉力量，那么对侧的随意力量也会增加。这种效果，称为对侧力量训练效果，通常在同源肌肉中测量。虽然已知的世纪，大多数研究没有设计得足够好，以显示一个明确的转移的力量，不能解释的因素，如熟悉的测试。然而，对16项适当对照研究（范围15-48次训练）的最新荟萃分析显示，对侧力量训练效果的大小与初始力量的8%或训练侧力量增加的一半相似。该估计值与手肘屈肌训练的大型随机对照研究结果相似（对侧效应为7%初始力量或训练侧效应的四分之一）。这可能反映了运动神经元输出的增加，而不是肌肉的适应，虽然大多数方法是不够敏感，以检测小肌肉的贡献。确定了两类中心机制。一个涉及到对侧肢体的控制系统的“溢出”，另一个涉及到训练肢体的控制系统中的适应性，这些适应性可以由未训练的肢体访问。皮质、皮质下和脊柱水平都可能参与“转移”，根据目前的数据，没有一个可以排除。虽然影响的大小很小，可能没有临床意义，但对这种现象的研究提供了与运动和训练相关的神经机制的见解。
If exercises are perfortned to increase muscle strength on one side of the body, voluntary strength can increase on the contralateral side. This effect, termed the contralateral strength training effect, is usually measured in homologous muscles. Although known for over a century, most studies have not been designed well enough to show a definitive transfer of strength that could not be explained by factors such as familiarity with the testing. However, an updated meta-analysis of 16 properly controlled studies (range 15-48 training sessions) shows that the size of the contralateral strength training effect is similar to 8% of initial strength or about half the increase in strength of the trained side. This estimate is similar to results of a large, randomized controlled study of training for the elbow flexors (contralateral effect of 7% initial strength or one-quarter of the effect on the trained side). This is likely to reflect increased motoneuron output rather than muscular adaptations, although most methods are insufficiently sensitive to detect small muscle contributions. Two classes of central mechanism are identified. One involves a "spillover" to the control system for the contralateral limb, and the other involves adaptations in the control system for the trained limb that can be accessed by the untrained limb. Cortical, subcortical and spinal levels are all likely to be involved in the "transfer," and none can be excluded with current data. Although the size of the effect is small and may not be clinically significant, study of the phenomenon provides insight into neural mechanisms associated with exercise and training.