Electrical Impedance Variations in Banana Ripening: An Analytical Study with Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
Electrical Impedance Variations in Banana Ripening: An Analytical Study with Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
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DOI：
10.1111/jfpe.12387
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Chakraborty, Badal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chowdhury, Atanu;Bera, Tushar Kanti;Chakraborty, Badal
水果成熟是食品工程中一个非常关键的环节，因为水果是人类健康必不可少的重要食品原料。未成熟和过成熟都不希望水果中含有所有必需和重要的营养物质，这些营养物质只有在最佳成熟状态下才能获得。因此，研究水果的成熟过程是非常必要的，这不仅有助于人们获得最好的水果品质，也有助于研究人员和科学家分析食品质量。通过化学和生化分析来分析果实的成熟过程耗时且具有破坏性；因此，这些方法通常不适合常规、快速和重复的检查。一种快速、无损的果实成熟表征方法是研究果实成熟状态和营养水平的必要条件。在这个方向上，EIS研究已经作为一种无损评价方法来研究香蕉成熟过程中的电阻抗变化。用Agilent 4294A阻抗分析仪测量香蕉样品在不同成熟状态下的电阻抗，并将成熟状态与其对应的阻抗进行关联。研究了香蕉各阻抗参数、Z、相角、Z实部和Z虚部，从香蕉阻抗的角度分析了香蕉的成熟现象。结果表明，随着成熟过程的进行，复合阻抗、实部和虚部均增大。等效电路建模表明，成熟香蕉含有恒相元件。对同一串样品的统计分析也表明，电阻抗谱技术可以用于香蕉成熟过程的无创表征。实际应用seis对香蕉成熟过程进行了阻抗变化表征，并开发了等效电路。EIS研究建立了生物阻抗变化与成熟状态之间的相关性，可用于无创研究香蕉的成熟过程。统计分析表明，同一串香蕉不同样品的阻抗参数与平均值相比，标准差都很低。可以观察到，对一个香蕉样本进行的环境影响信息系统研究可以代表其他香蕉的成熟状态，因此对有限数量样本进行的环境影响信息系统研究可以用来表征整个香蕉堆的成熟状态。因此，对香蕉成熟过程的EIS研究不仅可以帮助我们找到最佳成熟状态，还可以帮助研究人员分析香蕉的生理变化、味道和营养水平。
Fruit ripening is a very crucial event in food engineering as the fruits are very important and essential food materials for human health. Under-ripening and over-ripening both are not desirable to have all the essential and important nutrients in the fruits which are only available at their optimum-ripening state. Hence, studying the ripening process of fruits is very much essential which will not only help the people to have the best fruit quality but also will help the researcher and scientist to analyze the food quality. Chemical and biochemical analyses conducted to analyze the fruit ripening are time-consuming and destructive in nature; hence, these methods, generally, are not found suitable for routine, fast and repetitive inspections. A fast and nondestructive fruit ripening characterization method is found essential to study the ripening state and fruit nutrients levels. In this direction, the EIS studies have been conducted as a nondestructive evaluation method to study the electrical impedance variations during banana ripening. The electrical impedance of banana samples is measured by Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer at different states of ripening and the ripening states are correlated with their corresponding impedances. All the impedance parameters, Z, phase angle, real part of Z and imaginary part of Z are studied to analyze the ripening phenomena in terms of banana impedance. The results demonstrate that the complex impedance, real part and imaginary part of the impedance all increase with the progresses in the ripening process. Equivalent circuit modeling shows that the ripened banana contains constant phase elements. Statistical analysis conducted on the samples from a same bunch also shows that the electrical impedance spectroscopy technique can be applied for noninvasive characterization of banana ripening.Practical ApplicationsEIS conducted on banana ripening characterizes the banana ripening process in terms of its impedance variation and develops the equivalent circuit. EIS studies establish the correlation between the bioimpedance variation and ripening states which can be potentially utilized to study the banana ripening noninvasively. Statistical analysis shows that the standard deviation of all the impedance parameters of different banana samples obtained from a same bunch is very low compared to the corresponding mean values. It is observed that the EIS study conducted on one banana sample can represent the ripening state of the other bananas and hence the EIS studies conducted on limited number of samples can be utilized to characterize the ripening of the entire banana stacks. Thus EIS studies on banana ripening not only help us to find the optimum ripening state but also it will help the researchers to analyze its physiological changes, taste, and nutrient levels.