Development of directed global inhibition, competitive inhibition and behavioural inhibition during the transition between infancy and toddlerhood
Development of directed global inhibition, competitive inhibition and behavioural inhibition during the transition between infancy and toddlerhood
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DOI：
10.1111/desc.13193
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发表时间：
2021-12-07
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Holmboe, Karla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hendry, Alexandra;Greenhalgh, Isobel;Holmboe, Karla
抑制性控制（IC）是自我调节和认知控制的核心执行功能，但本身是多成分的。定向全局抑制需要按需停止动作。当必须产生另一种反应时，竞争性抑制就开始了。与此相关，但不是一种执行功能，是由气质驱动的对新奇事物的警惕，被称为行为抑制。由于缺乏适当的措施，对这些组成部分的早期发展的理解受到了阻碍。我们结合联合收割机建立和新的措施，以捕获定向全球抑制（玩具禁令，触摸屏禁令），竞争性抑制（A-不-B，幼儿抑制触摸屏任务; ECITT）和行为抑制（触摸屏的方法）在113个10和16个月大的婴儿（73纵向观察）。ECITT表现在10个月时表现出良好的1周重测信度（r = 0.30-0.60），但在16个月时稳定性很差。定向全局抑制性能显示发育进展，但10至16个月的个体差异几乎不稳定。与10个月（r = 0.09-0.35）相比，16个月（r = 0.23-0.59）时针对类似IC组件的指标表现出更大的一致性。探索ECITT条件的影响表明，幼儿更能够，与婴儿相比，推翻立即prepotencies;越来越灵活的控制行为的指示。然而，对幼儿和婴儿来说，对累积优势发挥IC似乎同样具有挑战性。探索性分析表明，行为，定向全球和竞争性抑制之间的横向或纵向关联的证据很少。结合起来，这些研究结果表明，IC还不是一个稳定的，一维的结构在婴儿期和幼儿期之间的过渡，并强调需要仔细选择多个措施，为那些有兴趣捕捉IC的早期变化。
Inhibitory control (IC) is a core executive function integral to self-regulation and cognitive control, yet is itself multi-componential. Directed global inhibition entails stopping an action on demand. Competitive inhibition is engaged when an alternative response must also be produced. Related, but not an executive function, is temperamentally-driven wariness of novelty, known as behavioural inhibition. Understanding early development of these components has been hampered by a shortage of suitable measures. We combine established and novel measures to capture directed global inhibition (Toy Prohibition, Touchscreen Prohibition), competitive inhibition (A-not-B, Early Childhood Inhibitory Touchscreen Task; ECITT) and behavioural inhibition (Touchscreen Approach) in 113 10- and 16-month-olds (73 seen longitudinally). ECITT performance shows good 1-week test-retest reliability at 10-months (r = 0.30-0.60) but little stability to 16-months. Directed global inhibition performance shows developmental progression but little stability of individual differences from 10 to 16 months. Performance on measures targeting similar IC components shows greater coherence at 16-months (r = 0.23-0.59) compared with 10-months (r = 0.09-0.35). Probing of ECITT condition effects indicates toddlers are more able, compared with infants, to override immediate prepotencies; indicative of increasingly flexible control over behaviour. However, exerting IC over cumulative prepotencies appears just as challenging for toddlers as infants. Exploratory analyses show little evidence for cross-sectional or longitudinal associations between behavioural, directed global and competitive inhibition. In combination, these findings indicate that IC is not yet a stable, unidimensional construct during the transition between infancy and toddlerhood, and highlight the need for careful selection of multiple measures for those interested in capturing early variation in IC.