How Reasoning, Judgment, and Decision Making are Colored by Gist-based Intuition: A Fuzzy-Trace Theory Approach.
How Reasoning, Judgment, and Decision Making are Colored by Gist-based Intuition: A Fuzzy-Trace Theory Approach.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jarmac.2015.09.001
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Brainerd CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corbin JC;Reyna VF;Weldon RB;Brainerd CJ
模糊追踪理论区分了逐字（字面的，准确的）和主旨（有意义的）表示，预测对主旨的依赖随着经验和专业知识的增加而增加。因此，许多判断和决策偏差随着发展而增加，这样的认知就会以违反逻辑一致性和概率论的方式被环境所影响。然而，这种基于要点的直觉的增加是自适应的：要点是稳定的，对干扰不太敏感，更容易操作。此外，gist捕获了信息在功能上的重要本质，支持更健康、更稳健的决策过程。我们描述了模糊追踪理论如何解释判断和决策现象，并预测了这些过程与经验和专业知识发展的矛盾弧线。我们提供了在决策过程中将主旨记忆过程与主旨处理联系起来的数据，并提供了医学、公共卫生和情报分析中主旨依赖的例证。
Fuzzy-trace theory distinguishes verbatim (literal, exact) from gist (meaningful) representations, predicting that reliance on gist increases with experience and expertise. Thus, many judgment-and-decision-making biases increase with development, such that cognition is colored by context in ways that violate logical coherence and probability theories. Nevertheless, this increase in gist-based intuition is adaptive: Gist is stable, less sensitive to interference, and easier to manipulate. Moreover, gist captures the functionally significant essence of information, supporting healthier and more robust decision processes. We describe how fuzzy-trace theory accounts for judgment-and-decision making phenomena, predicting the paradoxical arc of these processes with the development of experience and expertise. We present data linking gist memory processes to gist processing in decision making and provide illustrations of gist reliance in medicine, public health, and intelligence analysis.