Hidden impact of minorities: Fifteen years of minority influence research.
Hidden impact of minorities: Fifteen years of minority influence research.
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少数族裔的隐藏影响：十五年的少数族裔影响力研究。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. D. Clark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Maass;R. D. Clark
本文回顾和评价了自1969年莫斯科维奇提出少数民族影响理论以来的少数民族影响研究文献。替代的理论解释（归因帐户和社会影响的正式模型）进行了讨论。特别注意的是对比少数民族的影响与整合过程的研究。这些研究表明，人们倾向于在公共场合屈服于多数人（顺从范式中的公共顺从），而在私下接受少数人的立场（少数人影响范式中的私下接受）。这一发现的理论意义进行了讨论。自从谢里夫（Sherif，1935）和阿希（Asch，1951）对从众心理的早期研究以来，人们倾向于屈服于多数人的立场，即使这种立场显然是不正确的，这已经成为一个社会心理学的真理。从众成了一个几乎与社会影响等同的术语。直到1969年，莫斯科维奇和他的合著者才指出，社会影响力绝不限于少数人对多数人的单向依赖。Moscovici、拉格和Nafrechoux（1969）颠覆了通常的从众范式，证明了一个始终如一的少数群体能够对社会产生显著的影响。
This article reviews and evaluates the literature on minority influence since Moscovici's original formulation of minority influence theory in 1969. Alternative theoretical explanations (attributional accounts and formal models of social influence) are discussed. Special attention is given to studies contrasting minority influence with conformity processes. These studies suggest that people tend to yield to the majority in public (public compliance in the conformity paradigm), while accepting the position of the minority in private (private acceptance in the minority influence paradigm). Theoretical implications of this finding are discussed. Since Sherif's (1935) and Asch's (1951) early work on conformity, it has become a social psychological truism that individuals tend to yield to a majority position even when that position is clearly incorrect. Conformity became a term nearly equivalent in meaning to social influence. It was not until 1969 that Moscovici and his coauthors pointed out that social influence is by no means limited to a one-direction dependency of the minority on the majority. Reversing the usual conformity paradigm, Moscovici, Lage, and Naffrechoux (1969) demonstrated that a consistent minority is able to exert a remarkable degree of influ