Prevalence and patterns of victimization and polyvictimization among female sex workers in Soweto, a South African township: a cross-sectional, respondent-driven sampling study
Prevalence and patterns of victimization and polyvictimization among female sex workers in Soweto, a South African township: a cross-sectional, respondent-driven sampling study
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DOI：
10.1080/16549716.2017.1403815
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发表时间：
2017-12-06
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Jewkes, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coetzee, J.;Gray, G. E.;Jewkes, R.
背景：女性性工作者（FSW）受到来自多个伴侣类别的暴力的影响不成比例。这增加了他们对艾滋病毒的脆弱性。Objectives：To describe patterns of violence and polyvictimization among female SWs in Soweto. Methods：A respondent-driven sampling（RDS）recruitment methodology was used to enrol 508 Soweto-based FSWs using a survey instrument.对原始数据和RDS校正后的数据进行统计学分析，采用斯皮尔曼相关分析和卡方检验。多重受害模式内所示的修改后的维恩diagram. Results：在索韦托的FSW的中位年龄为31岁，大多数有一个不完整的教育（74.2%）。在过去一年中，遭受身体/性亲密伴侣暴力的发生率为53.8%，其中46.8%是客户实施的，18.5%是警察实施的。过去一年，任何犯罪者类别的性/身体暴力发生率为70.8%，终生接触率为76.0%。儿童期性暴力报告占44.3%。终生非伴侣强奸占55.5%，所有强奸暴露占62.4%。由于在过去一年中从事性工作，65.2%的妇女受到歧视。客户端，警察，IPV和童年创伤都显着相关，与IPV是最常见的共同发生。近三分之二的FSW存在多重受害情况，并且随着遭受歧视而增加。结论：在索韦托，FSW一生中遭受多种形式的暴力的发生率很高。我们的研究结果表明，暴力继续有增无减，进入成年期的水平远远高于一般人口和整体水平高于以前记录在南非的SW。我们认为，对FSW的暴力行为是植根于歧视。女性性工作者承受的不同程度的暴力负担要求采取紧急干预措施，积极主动地解决暴力侵害所有妇女行为的正常化问题，并重新制定框架。
Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) are disproportionately affected by violence from multiple partner categories. This increases their vulnerability to HIV.Objectives: To describe patterns of violence and polyvictimization among female SWs in Soweto.Methods: A respondent-driven sampling (RDS) recruitment methodology was used to enrol 508 Soweto-based FSWs using a survey instrument. Raw and RDS adjusted data were descriptively analysed, Spearman's correlation and chi(2) test of association were used to show associations. Polyvictimization patterns are shown within a modified Venn diagram.Results: The median age of FSWs in Soweto was 31 years, and most had an incomplete education (74.2%). The prevalence of exposure to physical/sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) in the past year was 53.8%, 46.8% by clients, and 18.5% by police. Past year prevalence of sexual/physical violence by any perpetrator category was 70.8% and lifetime exposure was 76.0%. Childhood sexual violence was reported by 44.3%. Lifetime non-partner rape was 55.5% and all rape exposure was 62.4%. As a result of engaging in sex work in the past year, 65.2% women had been discriminated against. Client, police, IPV, and childhood trauma were all significantly associated with one another, with IPV being the most common co-occurrence. Polyvictimization was seen in almost two-thirds of FSWs, and increased with exposure to discrimination.Conclusion: In Soweto, FSWs are exposed to high rates of violence in multiple forms across their lifetime. Our findings show that violence continues unabated into adulthood at levels far higher than in the general population and overall at higher levels than previously recorded among SWs in South Africa. We argue that violence against FSWs is rooted in discrimination. The disparate burden of violence on FSWs requires urgent interventions to proactively address and reframe the normalisation of violence against all women.