What noseleaves do for FM bats depends on their degree of sensorial specialization.
What noseleaves do for FM bats depends on their degree of sensorial specialization.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0011893
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发表时间：
2010-08-16
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Firzlaff U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vanderelst D;De Mey F;Peremans H;Geipel I;Kalko E;Firzlaff U
许多通过鼻子发声的蝙蝠都有一个突出的鼻叶，它参与塑造这些动物的发射光束。据我们所知，这些附属物的确切作用尚未得到彻底研究，因为尚未获得任何单一物种的听觉和发射空间敏感性。在本文中，我们着手评估两种新大陆叶鼻蝠的完整空间敏感性：Micronycteris microtis 和 Phyllostomus discolor。从生态角度来看，这些物种很有趣，因为它们属于同一科（Phyllostomidae），并且它们的鼻叶形态相似。它们在所占据的利基市场上存在巨大差异。通过比较这些物种，我们可以将鼻叶功能的差异与蝙蝠物种的生态背景联系起来。我们模拟了两种物种（M. microtis 和 P. discolor）的听觉和发射子系统的空间敏感性。这项技术使我们能够评估鼻叶在这些物种的回声定位系统中所发挥的各自作用。我们发现田鼠的鼻叶能更好地聚焦辐射能量，并对发射光束产生更好的控制。根据所提供的证据，我们得出结论，鼻叶对于不同的蝙蝠具有数量上不同的功能。鼻叶的主要功能是作为能量聚焦机制，增加聚焦区域物体与周边物体反射能量之间的差异。然而，尽管两种叶口昆虫的鼻叶在形态上有相似之处，但它们将能量集中到不同的程度，这种能力可能与这两个物种占据的不同生态位有关。
Many bats vocalizing through their nose carry a prominent noseleaf that is involved in shaping the emission beam of these animals. To our knowledge, the exact role of these appendages has not been thoroughly investigated as for no single species both the hearing and the emission spatial sensitivities have been obtained. In this paper, we set out to evaluate the complete spatial sensitivity of two species of New World leaf-nosed bats: Micronycteris microtis and Phyllostomus discolor. From an ecological point of view, these species are interesting as they belong to the same family (Phyllostomidae) and their noseleaves are morphologically similar. They differ vastly in the niche they occupy. Comparing these species allows us to relate differences in function of the noseleaf to the ecological background of bat species. We simulate the spatial sensitivity of both the hearing and the emission subsystems of two species, M. microtis and P. discolor. This technique allows us to evaluate the respective roles played by the noseleaf in the echolocation system of these species. We find that the noseleaf of M. microtis focuses the radiated energy better and yields better control over the emission beam. From the evidence presented we conclude that the noseleaves serve quantitatively different functions for different bats. The main function of the noseleaf is to serve as an energy focusing mechanism that increases the difference between the reflected energy from objects in the focal area and objects in the periphery. However, despite the gross morphological similarities between the noseleaves of the two Phyllostomid species they focus the energy to a different extent, a capability that can be linked to the different ecological niches occupied by the two species.
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