Evolution and Mass Loss of Cool Aging Stars: A Daedalean Story
Evolution and Mass Loss of Cool Aging Stars: A Daedalean Story
复制标题
冷老化恒星的演化和质量损失：一个 Daedalean 的故事
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
33.3
通讯作者：
L. Decin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Decin
众多的现象--如宇宙的化学富集、行星状星云、白色矮星和引力波祖星的质谱、超新星的频率分布、系外行星的命运等--都受到恒星通过强风排出的质量的高度调节。超过半个世纪以来，这些冷老化恒星的风一直在一维模型的共同解释框架内解释。我在这里讨论一下这个框架现在看来是多么的有问题。目前的一维质量损失率公式相差几个数量级，使得当代恒星演化预测高度不确定。这些恒星风具有3D的复杂性，在尺度上跨越了23个数量级，从纳米到数千个天文单位。如果我们的目标是量化质量损失并评估其对恒星演化的影响，我们需要接受和理解这些3D空间现实。因此，我们需要测量以下内容：·分子和固态聚集体的3D生命：形成第一个尘埃种子的气相簇尚未确定。这限制了我们使用自洽方法预测质量损失率的能力。·三维团块的出现：它们对质量损失的贡献不可忽视，尽管它们对风驱动机制的重要性似乎有限。（隐藏的）同伴的3D持久影响：未识别的二元相互作用使先前的质量损失率估计值偏大。只有这样，才有可能极大地提高我们对任何星星在4D（经典）时空中演化路径的预测能力。天文学和天体物理学年度评论第59卷的预计最终在线出版日期为2021年9月。请访问http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates了解修订后的估计数。
A multitude of phenomena—such as the chemical enrichment of the Universe, the mass spectrum of planetary nebulae, white dwarfs and gravitational wave progenitors, the frequency distribution of supernovae, the fate of exoplanets, etc.—are highly regulated by the amounts of mass that stars expel through a powerful wind. For more than half a century, these winds of cool aging stars have been interpreted within the common interpretive framework of 1D models. I here discuss how that framework now appears to be highly problematic. • Current 1D mass-loss rate formulae differ by orders of magnitude, rendering contemporary stellar evolution predictions highly uncertain. These stellar winds harbor 3D complexities that bridge 23 orders of magnitude in scale, ranging from the nanometer up to thousands of astronomical units. We need to embrace and understand these 3D spatial realities if we aim to quantify mass loss and assess its effect on stellar evolution. We therefore need to gauge the following: • The 3D life of molecules and solid-state aggregates: The gas-phase clusters that form the first dust seeds are not yet identified. This limits our ability to predict mass-loss rates using a self-consistent approach. • The emergence of 3D clumps: They contribute in a nonnegligible way to the mass loss, although they seem of limited importance for the wind-driving mechanism. • The 3D lasting impact of a (hidden) companion: Unrecognized binary interaction has biased previous mass-loss rate estimates toward values that are too large. Only then will it be possible to drastically improve our predictive power of the evolutionary path in 4D (classical) spacetime of any star. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 59 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.