Chromosomal polymorphism and adaptation to specific industrial environments of Saccharomyces strains
Chromosomal polymorphism and adaptation to specific industrial environments of Saccharomyces strains
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DOI：
10.1007/s002530051152
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发表时间：
1998-02-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Korhola, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Codón, AC;Benítez, T;Korhola, M
几种工业酵母菌株，包括面包酵母、葡萄酒酵母、啤酒酵母和酿酒酵母，已经在其DNA含量、染色体多态性和与实验室菌株的DNA同源性方面进行了表征。细胞DNA含量的测定表明，大多数工业酵母为非整倍体。染色体电泳图谱中的多态性如此之大，以至于每个菌株都可以单独鉴定。然而，没有观察到与特定群体有关的具体变化。在所有情况下，使用来自实验室菌株的不同探针的杂交都非常强，表明所有工业菌株与实验室酵母具有高度的DNA同源性。探针URA3、CUP 1、LEU 2、TRP 1、GAL 4或ADC 1显示了一条或两条带的存在，尤其是在面包师菌株中有两条带。此外，结果表明，所有杂交基因都位于相同的染色体上，无论是在实验室和工业菌株。根据CUP 1探针的位置判断，酿酒菌株中似乎发生了从染色体VIII到XVI的易位。最后，当使用SUC2探针时，结果表明SUC基因仅广泛存在于面包和糖蜜酒精蒸馏器菌株中。这清楚地表明，SUC基因的扩增是一种适应性机制，在其特定的工业条件下赋予菌株更好的适应性。Ty1和Ty2元件以及Y'亚端粒序列的广泛存在可以解释检测到的染色体间和染色体内变化。
Several industrial Saccharomyces strains, including bakers', wine, brewers' and distillers' yeasts, have been characterized with regards to their DNA content, chromosomal polymorphism and homologies with the DNA of laboratory strains. Measurement of the DNA contents of cells suggested that most of the industrial yeasts were aneuploids. Polymorphisms in the electrophoretic chromosomal pattern were so large that each strain could be individually identified. However, no specific changes relating to a particular group were observed. Hybridization using different probes from laboratory strains was very strong in all cases, indicating that all industrial strains possess a high degree of DNA homology with laboratory yeasts. Probes URA3, CUP1, LEU2, TRP1, GAL4 or ADC1 demonstrated the presence of one or two bands, two especially in bakers' strains. Also, results indicate that all hybridized genes are located on the same chromosomes both in laboratory and industrial strains. Translocation from chromosome VIII to XVI seems to have occurred in a distillers' strain, judging by the location of the CUP1 probe. Finally, when the SUC2 probe is used, results indicate a very widespread presence of the SUC genes in only bakers' and molasses alcohol distillers' strains. This clearly suggests that amplification of SUC genes is an adaptive mechanism conferring better fitness upon the strains in their specific industrial conditions. The widespread presence of Ty1 and Ty2 elements as well as Y' subtelomeric sequences could account for the inter-and intrachromosomal changes detected.