EVOLUTIONARY GAMES AND COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS
EVOLUTIONARY GAMES AND COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.90.16.7716
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发表时间：
1993-08-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
GLANCE, NS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HUBERMAN, BA;GLANCE, NS
囚徒困境一直被认为是研究自私个体之间合作出现的范式。由于它的重要性，它已经通过计算机实验以及在实验室和分析手段进行了研究。然而，由许多相互作用的元素组成的系统由数字机器模拟的方式与在真实的实验中研究时的行为方式之间存在重要差异。在某些情况下，这些差异可以足够明显，以至于对细胞自动机类型的模拟在社会系统中的合作研究的影响产生怀疑。特别是，如果这样的模拟强加了时空粒度，那么它描述真实的世界的能力可能会受到损害。事实上，我们表明，数字模拟的结果，领土和合作时，时间是离散的，而不是连续的差异很大。
The Prisoner's Dilemma has long been considered the paradigm for studying the emergence of cooperation among selfish individuals. Because of its importance, it has been studied through computer experiments as well as in the laboratory and by analytical means. However, there are important differences between the way a system composed of many interacting elements is simulated by a digital machine and the manner in which it behaves when studied in real experiments. In some instances, these disparities can be marked enough so as to cast doubt on the implications of cellular automata-type simulations for the study of cooperation in social systems. In particular, if such a simulation imposes space-time granularity, then its ability to describe the real world may be compromised. Indeed, we show that the results of digital simulations regarding territoriality and cooperation differ greatly when time is discrete as opposed to continuous.