Antimicrobial Policies in United States Beef Production: Choosing the Right Instruments to Reduce Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Under Structural and Market Constraints
Antimicrobial Policies in United States Beef Production: Choosing the Right Instruments to Reduce Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Under Structural and Market Constraints
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DOI：
10.3389/fvets.2019.00245
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发表时间：
2019-07-19
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Grohn, Yrjo Tapio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lhermie, Guillaume;Chiu, Leslie Verteramo;Grohn, Yrjo Tapio
畜牧业中的抗菌剂使用（AMU）有助于选择耐药细菌，可能构成公共卫生威胁。为了解决抗生素耐药性问题，可以实施政府制定的公共政策以及部门内方法。在本文中，我们探讨了共同的政策工具，如法规，经济激励措施和自愿协议，可以帮助减少AMU在牛肉生产。我们首先描述了牛肉供应链的结构，直接影响政策工具的选择。我们描述了外部性和不完善的信息如何影响这个系统。然后，我们讨论了五个政策工具将如何实现AMU的减少。牛呼吸道疾病综合征（BRD）是牛肉生产中AMU的主要驱动因素;因此，降低其发病率将显著减少抗菌剂的施用量。我们考虑在牛肉供应链的不同阶段对牛肉退化症的控制方案。
Antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal agriculture contributes to the selection of resistant bacteria, potentially constituting a public health threat. To address antimicrobial resistance, public policies set by governments, as well as intra-sectoral approaches, can be implemented. In this paper, we explore how common policy instruments such as regulations, economic incentives, and voluntary agreements could help reduce AMU in beef production. We first describe the structure of the beef supply chain which directly influences the choice of policy instruments. We describe how externalities and imperfect information affect this system. We then discuss how five policy instruments would each perform to achieve a reduction in AMU. Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) represents the major driver of AMU in beef production; consequently, reducing its incidence would decrease significantly the amounts of antimicrobials administered. We consider control options for BRD at different stages of the beef supply chain.