Genetic diversity of freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from central Jamaica with description of a new species
Genetic diversity of freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from central Jamaica with description of a new species
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牙买加中部淡水蟹（Brachyura：Sesarmidae）的遗传多样性以及新物种的描述
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Koller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Schubart;P. Koller
牙买加是大安的列斯群岛中唯一一个淡水溪流中没有淡水蟹的岛屿。相反，一个非常多样化的动物区系特有的芝麻蟹栖息在整个岛屿的淡水和陆地栖息地，从而显示出完全独立于海洋。据报道，它们在凤梨叶腋、岩石碎石、空蜗牛壳、洞穴和山涧中茁壮成长。除此之外，芝麻科是沼泽和红树林等软沉积物沿岸的栖息地的典型居民。多年来，牙买加山区溪流中的螃蟹一直被认为属于单一物种，Sesarma bidentatum Benedict 1892。然而，最近的形态学和分子研究表明，来自岛上不同地区山溪的螃蟹属于不同的物种。因此，在过去的10年里，已经描述了四种新的螃蟹物种。在这项研究中，我们提供的证据表明，在牙买加中部的淡水溪流也主机两种不同的螃蟹。在流向北方的溪流中，我们只发现了S。温莎Türkay和柴油机，1994年，而流到南方居住着一个密切相关的，但未描述的螃蟹物种。南方种在这里被描述为新种，并被称为Sesarma sp. n。形态和分子（12S和16S mtDNA）的证据，允许这两种淡水蟹从牙买加中部被区分。牙买加特有芝麻蟹的物种丰富度因此增加到10种，这使得该岛在陆栖蟹的多样性方面独一无二。
Jamaica is the only island of the Greater Antilles where freshwater streams are not populated by representatives of the old lineage of freshwater crabs, the Pseudothelphusidae. Instead, a very diverse fauna of endemic sesarmid crabs inhabits freshwater and terrestrial habitats throughout the island, thereby showing complete independence from the sea. They have been reported thriving in bromeliad leaf axils, rock rubble, empty snail shells, caves and mountain streams. Otherwise, the Sesarmidae are typical inhabitants of soft‐sediment littoral habitats like marshes and mangroves. For many years, crabs from Jamaican mountains streams had been considered to belong to a single species, Sesarma bidentatum Benedict 1892. However, recent morphological and molecular studies have shown that crabs from mountain streams of different regions of the island belong to different species. Consequently, four new crab species have been described over the last 10 years. In this study, we give evidence that freshwater streams in central Jamaica also host two different species of crabs. In streams draining to the north we exclusively found the species S. windsor Türkay and Diesel, 1994, while streams draining to the south were inhabited by a closely related but undescribed species of crab. The southern species is here described as new and is referred to as Sesarma meridies sp. n. Morphological and molecular (12S and 16S mtDNA) evidence is provided that allows these two species of freshwater crabs from central Jamaica to be distinguished. The species richness of Jamaican endemic sesarmids thereby increases to 10, which makes the island unique in terms of its diversity of land‐dwelling crabs.