Management of Warm- and Cool-Season Grasses for Biomass on Marginal Lands: I. Yield and Soil Fertility Status
Management of Warm- and Cool-Season Grasses for Biomass on Marginal Lands: I. Yield and Soil Fertility Status
复制标题
边缘土地暖季和冷季草生物质管理：一、产量和土壤肥力状况
作者：
J. Cherney;Q. Ketterings;M. Davis;D. Cherney;K. Paddock
、高羊茅[Lolium arundinaceum(Schreb.)]、高羊茅(Phalaris arundinacea L.)以高生物量生产力和使这些物种更适合边缘环境生长条件的各种特征而闻名。本研究的目的是评价有机肥和无机肥对牧草生物量和土壤养分状况的影响。柳枝草、高羊茅和芦苇金丝雀草是在纽约州威尔斯伯勒的康奈尔大学威尔斯伯勒研究农场的沙土和粘土上种植的。实验采用裂区随机区组设计，重复6次。样地为全样地，草种为亚样地，肥力处理为亚样地。6个处理分别为：(1)冷季型牧草施氮肥168万kg/ha−1，柳枝菊施氮肥84.8万kg/ha−1；(2)0-46-0磷肥+氮肥(#1)56 kg/ha−1；(3)0-0-60K化肥+N(#1)112g/ha−1；(4)奶牛粪肥89.6g/ha−1；(5)44.8g/ha牛粪堆肥HA−1；(6)不施化肥(对照小区)。在两茬制下，每季一次收获的柳枝柳平均产量为13.0亿mg/ha−1，而高羊茅和芦苇金丝雀草的平均产量分别为8.4mg/ha和7.7mg/ha−1。不施肥的柳枝条产量占施肥量的84%。将相同数量的有机氮肥与新鲜牛粪和堆肥牛粪配施，可提高鲜牛粪的产量。有机肥对土壤P、K状况影响较大。柳枝草能够在边缘环境中高产，并能为在环境中可接受的动物粪便的使用提供土地基础，尽管从产量的角度来看，它对化肥的使用不是很敏感。
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.)], and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) are known for high biomass productivity and for various traits that make these species more suitable for marginal environmental growing conditions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of organic vs. inorganic fertilizer application on grass biomass production and soil nutrient status. Switchgrass, tall fescue, and reed canarygrass were established on a sandy soil and a clay soil at the Cornell University Willsboro Research Farm in Willsboro, NY. The experiment was a split-split plot randomized block design with six replicates. Sites were whole plots, grass species were subplots, and fertility treatments were sub-subplots. The six treatments were (1) 168 kg ha−1 of N fertilizer for cool-season grasses, 84 kg ha−1 for switchgrass; (2) 56 kg ha−1 of 0-46-0 P fertilizer plus N (#1); (3) 112 kg ha−1 of 0-0-60 K fertilizer plus N (#1); (4) 89.6 Mg dairy manure ha−1; (5) 44.8 Mg dairy manure compost ha−1; and (6) no fertilizer applied (control plots). Switchgrass with a single harvest per season yielded on average 13.0 Mg ha−1, while tall fescue and reed canarygrass averaged 8.4 and 7.7 Mg ha−1, respectively, under two-cut systems. Switchgrass with no fertilization produced 84% of maximum yield of fertilized treatments. Application of a similar amount of organic N with fresh and composted dairy manure resulted in greater yields for fresh dairy manure. Organic fertilizers strongly impacted the P and K status of soils. Switchgrass is capable of high yields in marginal environments and can provide a land base for environmentally acceptable application of animal manure, although from a yield standpoint it is not very responsive to fertilizer applications.