Antimicrobial resistance:: an overview
Antimicrobial resistance:: an overview
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DOI：
10.20506/rst.20.3.1309
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Röstel, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acar, J;Röstel, B
作为人类重要病原体的细菌中抗菌素耐药性的增加以及耐药性从医院的封闭环境向开放社区的传播日益被视为对公共卫生的威胁。任何抗菌素的使用，无论是人类、动物、植物还是食品加工技术，都可能导致细菌耐药性。在畜牧生产中使用抗菌剂被怀疑在很大程度上导致人类和动物常见的细菌种类出现这种现象。需要进一步研究控制耐药细菌选择和传播的具体使用条件。动物和食品的国际旅行和贸易增加了世界范围内抗菌素耐药性的风险。各国正在考虑对被认为对公共卫生构成威胁的产品实行进口限制。国际兽疫局是世界贸易组织《卫生与植物检疫措施实施协定》的一个参考组织，负责制定关于抗菌素耐药性的国际标准，与国家措施的情况一样，这些标准必须基于风险分析。综述了人类医学耐药性研究的科学背景和存在的问题。确定当前的知识、缺失的信息和要采取的行动。
Increased antimicrobial resistance in bacteria that are important pathogens of humans, and spread of resistance from the closed environment of hospitals into open communities are increasingly perceived as a threat to public health. Any antimicrobial use, whether in humans, animals, plants or food processing technology, could lead to bacterial resistance. Use of antimicrobials in livestock production is suspected to significantly contribute to this phenomenon in species of bacteria which are common to humans and animals. Further research is required into the specific use conditions that govern the selection and dissemination of resistant bacteria. International travel and trade in animals and food increase the risks of antimicrobial resistance world-wide. Countries are considering import restrictions for products deemed a risk to public health. The Office International des Epizooties, a World Trade Organization reference organisation for the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, develops international standards on antimicrobial resistance which, as is the case for national measures, must be based on risk analysis. The scientific background and problems of resistance in human medicine are reviewed. Current knowledge, missing information and actions to be taken are identified.