DEVELOPMENT AND PLASTICITY OF ADRENAL CHROMAFFIN CELLS - CUES BASED ON INVITRO STUDIES
DEVELOPMENT AND PLASTICITY OF ADRENAL CHROMAFFIN CELLS - CUES BASED ON INVITRO STUDIES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/jemt.1060120412
复制
发表时间：
1989-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
UNSICKER, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HOFMANN, HD;SEIDL, K;UNSICKER, K
交感肾上腺细胞谱系的神经嵴衍生的前体细胞产生两种主要的细胞类型，其在许多形态、超微结构和生化特征上不同：肾上腺髓质的主交感神经元和嗜铬细胞。本文综述了对培养的肾上腺髓质细胞进行的实验研究，旨在揭示外遗传信号的性质，支配内分泌嗜铬细胞和神经元交感神经表型之间的发育选择。重点放在糖皮质激素的作用，在启动，发展和维持内分泌嗜铬细胞表型和明显拮抗神经生长因子（NGF）在体外施加的影响，导致在收购的神经元特性分化的嗜铬细胞。来自体外研究的实验数据与以下结论一致。糖皮质激素是内分泌分化初始诱导的决定性信号。此外，肾上腺髓质中的高类固醇激素浓度是嗜铬细胞成熟的先决条件。即使在分化的状态下，在没有糖皮质激素的情况下，内分泌表型也是不稳定的，并且细胞似乎重新进入神经元发育途径。在这些条件下，细胞存活和分化成交感神经元变得依赖于NGF，就像正常的交感神经发育一样。因此，培养的嗜铬细胞的神经生长因子的生存，轴突生长，和递质合成的影响可能不反映一个特定的表型的诱导，但它们可以被解释为一个一般的神经营养支持观察到与其他响应细胞类型。
Neural crest derived precursors of the sympathoadrenal cell lineage give rise to two major cell types that differ in a number of morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical characteristics: principal sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. The present article reviews experimental studies performed on cultured adrenal medullary cells and designed to unravel the nature of epigenetic signals governing the developmental choice between the endocrine chromaffin and the neuronal sympathetic phenotype. Emphasis is placed on the role of glucocorticoids in initiation, development, and maintenance of the endocrine chromaffin phenotype and apparently antagonistic influences exerted by nerve growth factor (NGF) in vitro, resulting in the acquisition of neuronal properties by differentiated chromaffin cells. Experimental data from in vitro studies are compatible with the following conclusions. Glucocorticoids represent the decisive signal for the initial induction of endocrine differentiation. Moreover, high steroid hormone concentrations, as present in the adrenal medulla, are a prerequisite for the maturation of chromaffin cells. Even in a differentiated state, the endocrine phenotype is unstable in the absence of glucocorticoids, and the cells seem to reenter the neuronal developmental pathway. Under these conditions, cellular survival and differentiation into sympathetic neurons become NGF‐dependent, as in normal sympathetic development. Thus, the effects of NGF survival, neurite outgrowth, and transmitter synthesis of cultured chromaffin cells probably do not reflect the induction of a specific phenotype, but they may be interpreted as a general neurotrophic support observable with other responsive cell types.