Mechanisms of Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Overview and Perspectives.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Overview and Perspectives.
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DOI：
10.1039/c5md00344j
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Labby KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Garneau-Tsodikova S;Labby KJ
氨基糖苷 (AG) 抗生素用于治疗许多革兰氏阴性菌和一些革兰氏阳性菌感染，尤其是耐多药结核病。在各种细菌物种中，对 AG 的耐药性是通过多种内在和后天机制产生的。细菌细胞壁是 AG 等小分子的天然屏障，并且可以通过获得性突变进一步强化。外排泵的作用是将 AG 从细菌细胞中排出，此处的修改也可能会导致对 AG 的进一步抵抗。 AG 核糖体靶标的突变虽然罕见，但也会导致耐药性。临床上日益突出的是核糖体甲基转移酶引起的耐药性。迄今为止，最广泛的 AG 耐药机制是 AG 修饰酶使这些抗生素失活。我们在此概述细菌对 AG 产生耐药性的机制，并讨论其流行率和临床相关性的潜力。
Aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics are used to treat many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive infections and, importantly, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Among various bacterial species, resistance to AGs arises through a variety of intrinsic and acquired mechanisms. The bacterial cell wall serves as a natural barrier for small molecules such as AGs and may be further fortified via acquired mutations. Efflux pumps work to expel AGs from bacterial cells, and modifications here too may cause further resistance to AGs. Mutations in the ribosomal target of AGs, while rare, also contribute to resistance. Of growing clinical prominence is resistance caused by ribosome methyltransferases. By far the most widespread mechanism of resistance to AGs is the inactivation of these antibiotics by AG-modifying enzymes. We provide here an overview of these mechanisms by which bacteria become resistant to AGs and discuss their prevalence and potential for clinical relevance.