The Landscape of Coding and Noncoding RNAs in Platelets
The Landscape of Coding and Noncoding RNAs in Platelets
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DOI：
10.1089/ars.2020.8139
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发表时间：
2020-06-25
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Mayr, Manuel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gutmann, Clemens;Joshi, Abhishek;Mayr, Manuel
意义：血小板非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 的水平会因疾病而改变，并且 ncRNA 可能在血小板内部和外部发挥功能。它们在生理止血和病理血栓形成中的作用仍有待探讨。最新进展：自过去十年以来，血小板中鉴定出的 RNA 类别数量一直在增长。除了编码信使 RNA 之外，血小板中的 RNA 景观还包括 ncRNA，例如 microRNA、环状 RNA、长 ncRNA、YRNA 和可能环境衍生的外源 ncRNA。最近的研究重点关注血小板以外的血小板 RNA 的功能，这些功能是通过保护性 RNA 穿梭甚至整个血小板的细胞摄取介导的。多项研究还探索了血小板 RNA 作为新型生物标志物的潜力。关键问题：血小板制剂可能含有污染性白细胞。即使很少的白细胞也可能贡献大量的 RNA。作为生物标志物，血小板 RNA 已显示与血小板活化相关，但它们的测量是否可以改善诊断仍有待观察。还需要澄清血小板 RNA 是否影响血小板以外的过程。未来方向：单细胞RNA测序等技术进步可能有助于在单血小板水平上识别高反应性血小板亚群，避免血小板制剂中白细胞污染的常见问题，并允许同时分析天然巨核细胞及其血小板后代，以澄清血小板RNA含量在多大程度上反映其巨核细胞前体或循环中的变化。
Significance:Levels of platelet noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are altered by disease, and ncRNAs may exert functions inside and outside of platelets. Their role in physiologic hemostasis and pathologic thrombosis remains to be explored. Recent Advances:The number of RNA classes identified in platelets has been growing since the past decade. Apart from coding messenger RNAs, the RNA landscape in platelets comprises ncRNAs such as microRNAs, circular RNAs, long ncRNAs, YRNAs, and potentially environmentally derived exogenous ncRNAs. Recent research has focused on the function of platelet RNAs beyond platelets, mediated through protective RNA shuttles or even cellular uptake of entire platelets. Multiple studies have also explored the potential of platelet RNAs as novel biomarkers. Critical Issues:Platelet preparations can contain contaminating leukocytes. Even few leukocytes may contribute a substantial amount of RNA. As biomarkers, platelet RNAs have shown associations with platelet activation, but it remains to be seen whether their measurements could improve diagnostics. It also needs to be clarified whether platelet RNAs influence processes beyond platelets. Future Directions:Technological advances such as single-cell RNA-sequencing might help to identify hyperreactive platelet subpopulations on a single-platelet level, avoid the common problem of leukocyte contamination in platelet preparations, and allow simultaneous profiling of native megakaryocytes and their platelet progeny to clarify to what extent the platelet RNA content reflects their megakaryocyte precursors or changes in the circulation.