Urban , industrial and other manmade sites as analogues of natural habitats for Carabidae
Urban , industrial and other manmade sites as analogues of natural habitats for Carabidae
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城市、工业和其他人造场地作为步甲科自然栖息地的类似物
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Telfer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Eversham;D. Roy;M. Telfer
英国的景观几乎都是人为改造的。集约化农业在低地占主导地位，半自然生境作为农业基质中的碎片幸存下来（Barr et al. 1993）。有人认为，农业早于现在维持半自然生境所依赖的许多管理形式，如草地放牧制度和林地覆盖（Stoate 1995）。这解释了狭窄和受威胁的农田物种的存在，如杂草（Firbank et al. 1994），以及英国瓢虫动物群的“传统可耕地”组成部分（Telfer & Eversham 1996）。然而，在过去的50年里，除草剂和杀虫剂的大量使用，以及农业实践的其他变化，已经从现代农业基质中除去了除少数物种外的所有物种，许多“传统的可耕种”物种现在濒临灭绝（Wilson 1992, Telfer & Eversham 1996）。除了这些农田遗迹外，大多数稀有物种都局限于对自然保护有价值的半自然栖息地的碎片化残留物中（例如Ratcliffe 1977）。面对景观简化（Hengeveld 1994），瓢虫物种有何反应？本研究旨在探讨人为位点在瓢虫存活中的作用。物种可根据其地理和生境范围分类如下：(a)无所不在的物种在地理上分布广泛；(b)泛栖物种在广泛的生境中发现；(c)泛栖物种只存在于一个城市、工业和其他人工场所，作为卡拉贝科自然生境的类似物
The British landscape is almost all man-modified. Intensive agriculture dominates the lowlands, seminatural habitats surviving as fragments in an agricultural matrix (Barr et al. 1993). It has been argued that farming pre-dates many forms of management on which seminatural habitats now depend for their maintenance, such as grazing regimes of grassland and coppicing of woodland (Stoate 1995). This explains the existence of stenotopic and threatened farmland species, such as weeds (Firbank et al. 1994), and the ‘traditional arable’ component of the British carabid fauna (Telfer & Eversham 1996). However, over the past fifty years, intensive application of herbicides and insecticides, and other changes in farming practice, have removed all but a few species from the modern agricultural matrix, and many ‘traditional arable’ species are now endangered (Wilson 1992, Telfer & Eversham 1996). Apart from these farmland relics, most stenotopic species are confined to increasingly fragmented remnants of seminatural habitats, of value to nature conservation (e.g. Ratcliffe 1977). In the face of landscape simplification (Hengeveld 1994), how have carabid species responded? This study aims to explore the role of anthropogenic sites in carabid survival. Species may be categorised according to their geographical and habitat range as follows: (a) ubiquitous species are geographically wide-ranging, (b) eurytopic species are found in a wide range of habitats,(c) stenotopic species are specific to one Urban, industrial and other manmade sites as analogues of natural habitats for Carabidae