Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Overprescribing Goal Setting
Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Overprescribing Goal Setting
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DOI：
10.5465/amp.2009.37007999
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Bazerman, Max H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ordonez, Lisa D.;Schweitzer, Maurice E.;Bazerman, Max H.
目标设定是管理学文献中最具复制性和影响力的范式之一。在许多国家和背景下进行的数百项研究一致表明，设定具体的，具有挑战性的目标可以有力地推动行为和提高绩效。目标设定的倡导者对研究、管理教育和管理实践产生了重大影响。在这篇文章中，我们认为，目标设定的有益效果被夸大了，而目标设定造成的系统性危害在很大程度上被忽视了。我们确定了与目标设定相关的具体副作用，包括忽视非目标领域的狭隘关注，扭曲的风险偏好，不道德行为的增加，学习抑制，组织文化的腐蚀，以及内在动力的减少。管理者和学者不应将目标设定作为一种良性的、非处方的激励疗法，而应将目标设定概念化为一种处方药，需要谨慎用药，考虑有害的副作用，并密切监督。我们提供了一个警告标签，伴随着设定目标的做法。
Goal setting is one of the most replicated and influential paradigms in the management literature. Hundreds of studies conducted in numerous countries and contexts have consistently demonstrated that setting specific, challenging goals can powerfully drive behavior and boost performance. Advocates of goal setting have had a substantial impact on research, management education, and management practice. In this article, we argue that the beneficial effects of goal setting have been overstated and that systematic harm caused by goal setting has been largely ignored. We identify specific side effects associated with goal setting, including a narrow focus that neglects nongoal areas, distorted risk preferences, a rise in unethical behavior, inhibited learning, corrosion of organizational culture, and reduced intrinsic motivation. Rather than dispensing goal setting as a benign, over-the-counter treatment for motivation, managers and scholars need to conceptualize goal setting as a prescription-strength medication that requires careful dosing, consideration of harmful side effects, and close supervision. We offer a warning label to accompany the practice of setting goals.