Egg size and offspring quality: a meta-analysis in birds
Egg size and offspring quality: a meta-analysis in birds
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-185x.2010.00166.x
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
Krist, Milos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krist, Milos
父母通过繁殖体的大小和质量，产卵地点的选择，孵化的质量，依赖年轻人的喂养，以及他们对捕食者和寄生虫的防御来影响后代的健身。尽管在这些主题上有许多案例研究，但这些知识并没有被严格地整合到任何分类单元的个体父母照顾性状中，因此，我们缺乏对父母照顾如何改变后代表型的全面定量评估。这项对283项研究进行的荟萃分析涉及1805项鸟类卵大小与后代质量之间的相关性，旨在填补这一空白。大样本量使测试鸡蛋大小和后代质量之间的关系的大小如何取决于一些变量。卵的大小是正相关的，几乎所有的研究后代性状在所有阶段的后代生命周期。毫不奇怪，这种关系在孵化时是最强的，但一直持续到羽翼丰满后的阶段。形态性状与卵大小关系最密切，但与孵化成功率、雏鸡存活率和生长速度也有显著关系。非显着的影响大小，发现鸡蛋生育力，鸡的免疫力，行为，生活史或性特征。影响大小不取决于小鸡是否由其亲生父母抚养或交叉寄养到其他地区。效应大小不依赖于物种的特定特征，如发展模式，离合器的大小，和相对大小的鸡蛋，但较大的，如果测试在圈养相比，野生种群之间，而不是在育雏。总而言之，已发表的研究支持卵的大小影响幼鱼存活的观点。很少有研究测试卵子大小和后代适应度的生育力组成部分之间的关系，也没有研究后代作为成年人的生存或整体适应度。还需要更多的数据来研究卵子大小与后代行为和生理特征之间的关系。卵的大小和后代表现之间的关系是否取决于后代环境的质量还有待确定。在这项研究中发现的积极影响大小很可能是由鸡蛋大小对后代质量的因果影响驱动的。然而，需要更多的研究来控制父母孵化后护理，基因和鸡蛋成分的潜在混杂效应，以建立牢固的因果关系。
Parents affect offspring fitness by propagule size and quality, selection of oviposition site, quality of incubation, feeding of dependent young, and their defence against predators and parasites. Despite many case studies on each of these topics, this knowledge has not been rigorously integrated into individual parental care traits for any taxon. Consequently, we lack a comprehensive, quantitative assessment of how parental care modifies offspring phenotypes. This meta-analysis of 283 studies with 1805 correlations between egg size and offspring quality in birds is intended to fill this gap. The large sample size enabled testing of how the magnitude of the relationship between egg size and offspring quality depends on a number of variables. Egg size was positively related to nearly all studied offspring traits across all stages of the offspring life cycle. Not surprisingly, the relationship was strongest at hatching but persisted until the post-fledging stage. Morphological traits were the most closely related to egg size but significant relationships were also found with hatching success, chick survival, and growth rate. Non-significant effect sizes were found for egg fertility, chick immunity, behaviour, and life-history or sexual traits. Effect size did not depend on whether chicks were raised by their natural parents or were cross-fostered to other territories. Effect size did not depend on species-specific traits such as developmental mode, clutch size, and relative size of the egg, but was larger if tested in captive compared to wild populations and between rather than within broods. In sum, published studies support the view that egg size affects juvenile survival. There are very few studies that tested the relationship between egg size and the fecundity component of offspring fitness, and no studies on offspring survival as adults or on global fitness. More data are also needed for the relationships between egg size and offspring behavioural and physiological traits. It remains to be established whether the relationship between egg size and offspring performance depends on the quality of the offspring environment. Positive effect sizes found in this study are likely to be driven by a causal effect of egg size on offspring quality. However, more studies that control for potential confounding effects of parental post-hatching care, genes, and egg composition are needed to establish firmly this causal link.