Deforestation trends in a tropical landscape and implications for endangered large mammals
Deforestation trends in a tropical landscape and implications for endangered large mammals
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02040.x
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发表时间：
2003-02-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Woolmer, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kinnaird, MF;Sanderson, EW;Woolmer, G
印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛的大型哺乳动物群是地球上最濒危的动物群之一，并受到猖獗的森林砍伐的威胁。我们使用遥感和生物调查，研究森林砍伐对濒危大型哺乳动物种群的影响，在苏门答腊景观。我们测量了森林损失，并根据1985年至1999年期间的卫星图像，为武吉巴里桑塞拉坦国家公园和一个未受保护的缓冲区创建了一个森林砍伐的预测模型。我们使用自动相机来确定老虎（Panthera tigris sumatarus），大象（Elephas maximus），犀牛（Dicerorhinus sumatrensis）和貘（Tapir indicus）的分布和相对丰度。在1985年至1999年期间，公园内的森林损失平均每年2%。公园内共有661公里（2）的森林消失，10公里的缓冲区内有318公里（2）消失，公园外的森林消失。低地森林比丘陵/山地森林消失得快（6倍），缓坡森林比陡坡森林消失得快（16倍）。大多数森林转化是农业发展的结果，因此预测到2010年，公园70%的面积将用于农业，到2036年，低地森林栖息地将被消除。相机陷阱数据表明，老虎，犀牛（最多2公里）和大象（最多3公里）避开森林边界。根据哺乳动物的分布将森林分为核心森林和外围森林，这表明，到2010年，老虎和犀牛的核心森林面积将被分割，并减少到剩余森林的20%。大象的核心森林面积将减少到剩余森林的0.5%。阻止森林流失已被证明是印度尼西亚保护机构今天面临的最困难和最复杂的问题之一，需要执法、明智的土地使用战略、增加教育、管理能力和新的融资机制。
The remarkable large-mammal fauna of the Indonesian island of Sumatra is one of the most endangered on Earth and is threatened by rampant deforestation. We used remote sensing and biological surveys to study the effects of deforestation on populations of endangered large mammals in a Sumatran landscape. We measured forest loss and created a predictive model of deforestation for Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and an unprotected buffer area based on satellite images between 1985 and 1999. We used automatic cameras to determine the distribution and relative abundance of tigers ( Panthera tigris sumatrae ), elephants ( Elephas maximus ), rhinoceros ( Dicerorhinus sumatrensis ), and tapirs ( Tapir indicus ). Between 1985 and 1999, forest loss within the park averaged 2% per year. A total of 661 km (2) of forest disappeared inside the park, and 318 km (2) were lost in a 10-km buffer, eliminating forest outside the park. Lowland forest disappeared faster than hill/montane forest ( by a factor of 6 ) and forests on gentle slopes disappeared faster than forests on steep slopes ( by a factor of 16 ). Most forest conversion resulted from agricultural development, leading to predictions that by 2010 70% of the park will be in agriculture and that by 2036 lowland forest habitat will be eliminated. Camera-trap data indicated avoidance of forest boundaries by tigers, rhinoceroses ( up to 2 km ), and elephants ( up to 3 km ). Classification of forest into core and peripheral forest based on mammal distribution suggests that, by 2010, core forest area for tigers and rhinoceros will be fragmented and reduced to 20% of remaining forest. Core forest area for elephants will be reduced to 0.5% of remaining forest. Halting forest loss has proven one of the most difficult and complex problems faced by Indonesia's conservation agencies today and will require a mix of enforcement, wise land-use strategies, increased education, capacity to manage, and new financing mechanisms.