Overview of the South China sea monsoon experiment
Overview of the South China sea monsoon experiment
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02915563
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发表时间：
2004-06
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
D. Yihui;Chongyin Li;Liu Yanju
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Yihui;Chongyin Li;Liu Yanju
本文概述了1996年至2001年由科技部中国主持的重点项目“南中国海洋季风实验”。南海夏季风试验是一项大气和海洋联合试验，旨在更好地了解南海中国海夏季风的爆发、维持和变化。这是一项大规模的国际努力，许多参与国家和地区合作参与了这项实验。通过1998年5-8月的野外观测，获得了大量的气象和海洋资料，为研究南海季风和东亚季风及其与海洋的相互作用提供了良好的数据基础。初步研究成果如下。(1)南海和中南半岛是亚洲季风爆发最早的地区。从天气过程的角度看，它的发生与斯里兰卡东部一对孪生气旋的早期快速发展密切相关。提出了1998年南海季风爆发的概念模式。给出了南海季风爆发日期的50年时间序列。(2)确定了30-60天和10-20天两种主要振荡模式。分析了南海季风异常对中国东部降水的影响及其模式。南海季风偏强(弱)，长江中下游降水偏少(偏多)，中国北部偏多(偏少)。(3)在南海季风爆发期间，部署在南海北部的多普勒雷达阵列观测到了各种有组织的中尺度对流系统(MCSs)。揭示了1998年季风爆发过程中大尺度环流与MCSs的关系。认为大尺度环流与MCSs之间存在一种正反馈机制。(4)前期南海海温影响季风爆发时间和季风强度。在季风爆发期间，海洋经历了一个通过海-气相互作用释放能量的过程。在南海季风休止期，海洋表现出能量再积累的过程。由于南海南部和北部的大气和海洋结构特征不同，南海南部和北部的海-气湍流通量交换存在明显差异。(5)利用区域模式对密集观测对预报效果的影响进行了验证。海气耦合区域气候模式(CRCM)也是在SCSMEX项目下发展起来的。用该模式对1998年海洋环流进行了模拟，模拟结果与实测值吻合较好。
The present paper gives an overview of the key project “ South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX)” operated by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China during the period of 1996–2001. The SCSMEX is a joint atmospheric and oceanic field experiment which aims to better understand the onset, maintenance, and variability of the summer monsoon over the South China Sea (SCS). It is a large-scale international effort with many participating countries and regions cooperatively involved in this experiment. With the field observation in May–August 1998, a large amount of meteorological and oceanic data was acquired, which provides excellent datasets for the study of the SCS monsoon and the East Asian monsoon and their interaction with the ocean. The preliminary research achievements are as follows. (1) The earliest onset of the Asian monsoon over the SCS and Indo-China Peninsula has been well documented. From the viewpoint of the synoptic process, its onset is closely related to the early rapid development of a twin cyclone to the east of Sri Lanka. The conceptual model of the SCS monsoon onset in 1998 was put forward. The 50-year time series of the SCS monsoon onset date was also made. (2) Two major modes, namely the 30–60-day and 10–20-day oscillations were ascertained. The influences of the abnormal SCS monsoon on the precipitation over eastern China and its modes were identified. A strong (weak) monsoon over the SCS usually leads to less (more) precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin, and more (less) precipitation in North China. (3) During the monsoon onset over the SCS, a wide variety of organized mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) were observed by a Doppler radar array deployed over the northern SCS. The relationship between large-scale circulations and MCSs during the monsoon onset process in 1998 was clearly revealed. It was suggested that there is a kind of positive feedback mechanism between large-scale circulations and MCSs. (4) The SST over the SCS during the early period influences the timing of the monsoon onset date and the monsoon’s intensity. During the monsoon onset, the ocean undergoes a process of energy release through air-sea interaction. During the break phase of the SCS monsoon, the ocean demonstrates the process of energy re-accumulation. Obvious differences in the air-sea turbulent flux exchange between the southern and northern parts of the SCS due to different characteristic features of the atmosphere and sea structure were observed in those regions. (5) The verification of impact of intensive observations on the predictive performance is made by the use of regional models. The air-sea coupled regional climate model (CRCM) was also developed under the SCSMEX Project. The simulation of the oceanic circulation in 1998 produced with the model was well compared with the observations.