EFFECTS OF THE PLUMAGE-REDUCING NAKED NECK (NA) GENE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FAST-GROWING BROILERS AT NORMAL AND HIGH AMBIENT-TEMPERATURES
EFFECTS OF THE PLUMAGE-REDUCING NAKED NECK (NA) GENE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FAST-GROWING BROILERS AT NORMAL AND HIGH AMBIENT-TEMPERATURES
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DOI：
10.3382/ps.0720767
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发表时间：
1993-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
GUTMAN, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CAHANER, A;DEEB, N;GUTMAN, M
采用裸颈基因的群体分离法，研究了该基因在高温（32 ℃）和常温（23 ℃）下对快速生长肉鸡的影响。通过与商业公畜系回交，建立了与现代肉鸡相当的实验原种。杂合（Na/na）雄性和雌性之间的交配产生正常羽毛（Na/na）的鸟，杂合（Na/na）和纯合（Na/Na）的裸颈鸟的实验。与Na/Na鸟相比，Na/Na和Na/Na鸟在两种温度下的羽毛质量（相对于体重）分别减少约20%和30%。在正常温度下，裸颈肉鸡平均体重为2,000克，其中290克是胸肉，在6周龄时，相比之下，其正常羽毛的全同胞对应物分别为1,895克和257克。在高温下，这种影响更为明显; Na/Na肉鸡在8周龄时平均为2，018 g，胸肉为284 g，而na/na肉鸡分别为1，723 g和215 g。杂合子裸颈鸟表现出中等性能。羽量减少与皮肤质量降低有关，这是由于皮肤内脂肪沉积减少。羽量减少的优势随着肉鸡的体型和环境温度的增加而增加。杂合裸颈肉仔鸡在常温下的生长性能上级正常肉仔鸡，在高温下的生长性能优势更大。进一步减少羽毛，如在Na/Na鸟类中看到的，增加了这种优势。
A population segregating for the naked neck (Na) gene was used to evaluate the gene's effect on fast-growing broilers at high (32 C) and normal (23 C) temperatures. An experimental stock comparable to those of modem broilers was established by backcrosses to commercial sire lines. Matings between heterozygous (Na/na) males and females produced normally feathered (na/na) birds, and heterozygous (Na/na) and homozygous (Na/Na) naked neck birds for the experiments. Compared with na/na birds, the Na/na and Na/Na birds had about 20 and 30% less feather mass (relative to body weight), respectively, at both temperatures. At normal temperatures, naked neck broilers averaged 2,000 g BW, 290 g of which was breast meat, at 6 wk of age, compared to 1,895 and 257 g, respectively, for their normally feathered full-sib counterparts. The effects were more pronounced at the high temperature; the Na/Na broilers averaged 2,018 g with 284 g of breast meat at 8 wk of age, as compared to 1,723 and 215 g, respectively, in the na/na broilers. The heterozygous naked neck birds exhibited intermediate performance. Reduced plumage was associated with lower skin mass due to reduced fat deposition within it. The advantages associated with reduced plumage increase with broiler size and ambient temperature. The heterozygous naked neck broilers were superior to normal broilers at normal temperatures, with even greater superiority at the high temperature. Further reductions in plumage, as seen in Na/Na birds, increases this advantage.