Risks of Drug-Related Death, Suicide, and Homicide During the Immediate Post-Release Period Among People Released From New York City Jails, 2001-2005
Risks of Drug-Related Death, Suicide, and Homicide During the Immediate Post-Release Period Among People Released From New York City Jails, 2001-2005
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwr327
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发表时间：
2012-03-15
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Kerker, Bonnie D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lim, Sungwoo;Seligson, Amber Levanon;Kerker, Bonnie D.
作者评估了从2001年到2005年任何时候被监禁的155,272人在纽约市监狱获释后与毒品有关的死亡、自杀和凶杀的风险，并检查了死亡率是否与无家可归有关。利用与纽约市死亡和单身成年人无家可归者登记相匹配的监狱记录，他们计算了标准化死亡率(SMR)和相对风险。在调整了年龄、性别、种族和邻里关系后，以前被监禁的人与毒品有关的死亡和他杀的风险比研究期间没有被监禁在纽约市监狱的纽约市居民高2倍。这些相对风险在释放后的前2周显著升高(对于毒品相关原因，SMR=8.0，95%可信区间(CI)：5.2，11.8；对于凶杀案，SMR=5.1，95%CI：3.2，7.8)。与无无家可归史的服刑人员相比，有无家可归史的服刑人员与毒品有关的死亡(RR=3.4，95%CI：2.1，5.5)和自杀(RR=2.1，95%CI：1.2，3.4)的发生率更高。对于死于毒品相关原因的人来说，服刑时间越长，获释后死亡的时间越短。这些结果表明，需要以监狱和社区为基础的干预措施，以降低以前被监禁的人的额外死亡风险。
The authors assessed the risks of drug-related death, suicide, and homicide after release from New York City jails in 155,272 people who were incarcerated anytime from 2001 through 2005 and examined whether the mortality rate was associated with homelessness. Using jail records matched with death and single-adult homeless registries in New York City, they calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and relative risks. After adjustment for age, sex, race, and neighborhood, the risks of drug-related death and homicide in formerly incarcerated persons were 2 times higher than those of New York City residents who had not been incarcerated in New York City jails during the study period. These relative risks were greatly elevated during the first 2 weeks after release (for drug-related causes, SMR = 8.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.2, 11.8; for homicide, SMR = 5.1, 95% CI: 3.2, 7.8). Formerly incarcerated people with histories of homelessness had higher rates of drug-related death (RR = 3.4, 95% CI: 2.1, 5.5) and suicide (RR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.4) than did persons without such histories. For individuals who died of drug-related causes, longer jail stays were associated with a shorter time until death after release. These results suggest that jail- and community-based interventions are needed to reduce the excess mortality risk among formerly incarcerated people.