Structure and Function of RNA Polymerases and the Transcription Machineries
Structure and Function of RNA Polymerases and the Transcription Machineries
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-46503-6_9
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Grohmann, Dina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Griesenbeck, Joachim;Tschochner, Herbert;Grohmann, Dina
在所有生物体中，遗传信息的流动是一个两步过程：首先DNA被转录成RNA，随后在翻译过程中用作蛋白质合成的模板。在细菌、古细菌和真核生物中，转录是通过共享 RNAP 核心保守结构的多亚基 RNA 聚合酶 (RNAP) 进行的。 RNAP 利用 DNA 作为模板，在转录起始、延伸和终止阶段得到转录因子的协助，催化来自 NTP 构件的 RNA 的高精度聚合。这一高度动态过程的复杂性体现在转录复合物中蛋白质-蛋白质和蛋白质-核酸相互作用的复杂网络，以及 RNAP 在转录周期中发生的实质性构象变化。在本章中，我们将首先简要描述导致多亚基 RNAP 发现的早期工作。然后，我们将讨论来自细菌、古细菌和真核生命领域的 RNAP 的三维组织，强调保守性，但也强调转录装置的领域特异性特征。另一部分将重点介绍转录因子及其在转录周期不同阶段调节 RNA 聚合酶的作用。这包括对控制转录起始、延伸和终止的分子机制和动态事件的讨论。
In all living organisms, the flow of genetic information is a two-step process: first DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is subsequently used as template for protein synthesis during translation. In bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, transcription is carried out by multi-subunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs) sharing a conserved architecture of the RNAP core. RNAPs catalyse the highly accurate polymerisation of RNA from NTP building blocks, utilising DNA as template, being assisted by transcription factors during the initiation, elongation and termination phase of transcription. The complexity of this highly dynamic process is reflected in the intricate network of protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions in transcription complexes and the substantial conformational changes of the RNAP as it progresses through the transcription cycle.In this chapter, we will first briefly describe the early work that led to the discovery of multisubunit RNAPs. We will then discuss the three-dimensional organisation of RNAPs from the bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic domains of life, highlighting the conserved nature, but also the domain-specific features of the transcriptional apparatus. Another section will focus on transcription factors and their role in regulating the RNA polymerase throughout the different phases of the transcription cycle. This includes a discussion of the molecular mechanisms and dynamic events that govern transcription initiation, elongation and termination.