Incentive-elicited brain activation in adolescents: Similarities and differences from young adults
Incentive-elicited brain activation in adolescents: Similarities and differences from young adults
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4862-03.2004
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发表时间：
2004-02-25
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Hommer, DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bjork, JM;Knutson, B;Hommer, DW
人类青春期的大脑激励回路特征不明显。一种理论认为，青春期的冒险行为部分是由于腹侧纹状体（VS）动机回路相对过于活跃，容易激发对显著食欲线索的接近。然而，其他证据支持这样一种理论，即这个回路在发育上不活跃，青少年会有更强有力的激励（如冒险或药物实验）来招募这个回路。为了帮助解决这个问题，我们比较了12名青少年（12 - 17岁）和12名年轻人（22 - 28岁）的大脑激活，同时他们预期有机会做出反应以获得金钱收益并避免金钱损失。在这两个年龄组中，预期潜在的增益激活的VS，右丘脑，背侧丘脑和背侧中脑，其中VS激活的幅度是敏感的增益量的部分。获得结果的通知（与错过的增益相反）激活了内侧额叶皮层（mFC）。在所有受试者中，在预期对大增益做出反应的过程中，右丘脑核的信号增加独立地与年龄和对高增益提示的自评兴奋相关。在直接比较中，青少年表现出较少的招聘权VS和右扩展杏仁核，而预期响应收益（与预期nongains相比）与年轻人相比。然而，不同年龄组之间的大脑激活结果没有明显差异。这些结果表明，青少年选择性地表现出减少招聘的动机，但不完善的奖励导向行为的组成部分。
Brain motivational circuitry in human adolescence is poorly characterized. One theory holds that risky behavior in adolescence results in part from a relatively overactive ventral striatal ( VS) motivational circuit that readily energizes approach toward salient appetitive cues. However, other evidence fosters a theory that this circuit is developmentally underactive, in which adolescents approach more robust incentives ( such as risk taking or drug experimentation) to recruit this circuitry. To help resolve this, we compared brain activation in 12 adolescents (12 - 17 years of age) and 12 young adults (22 - 28 years of age) while they anticipated the opportunity to respond to obtain monetary gains as well as to avoid monetary losses. In both age groups, anticipation of potential gain activated portions of the VS, right insula, dorsal thalamus, and dorsal midbrain, where the magnitude of VS activation was sensitive to gain amount. Notification of gain outcomes ( in contrast with missed gains) activated the mesial frontal cortex (mFC). Across all subjects, signal increase in the right nucleus accumbens during anticipation of responding for large gains independently correlated with both age and self-rated excitement about the high gain cue. In direct comparison, adolescents evidenced less recruitment of the right VS and right-extended amygdala while anticipating responding for gains ( in contrast with anticipation of nongains) compared with young adults. However, brain activation after gain outcomes did not appreciably differ between age groups. These results suggest that adolescents selectively show reduced recruitment of motivational but not consummatory components of reward-directed behavior.