Respiratory viral infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons
Respiratory viral infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons
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DOI：
10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00003-x
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Whimbey, Estella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Couch, Robert B.;Englund, Janet A.;Whimbey, Estella
急性呼吸道疾病是当今美国最常见的急性疾病。呼吸道病毒-包括流感病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、鼻病毒、冠状病毒和腺病毒-引起大多数这些疾病。其中一些病毒全年都会引起疾病，而另一些病毒则在冬季最常见。所有人口群体都经历这些感染和疾病。随着老年人和患有基础疾病的人数增加，人们越来越认识到这些常见感染可能造成严重后果。这一点最近已被强调免疫功能低下的人。在医学部。安德森癌症中心（MDACC），感染监测的主要住院成人白血病或最近的骨髓移植产生了呼吸道病毒的181 668（27.1%）呼吸道疾病发作。按频率降序排列，RSV、鼻病毒、流感病毒、副流感病毒和腺病毒感染在三个监测年中均被检出。如先前报告所述，发生了高频率的医院获得。同样，感染持续存在，感染者中肺炎和死亡的频率很高，这一点也在前面提到过。在MDACC，58-78%的感染患者发生肺炎，22-44%死亡。病毒感染在许多肺炎病例中的作用尚不确定，但纯病毒性肺炎的死亡有充分的文献记载。已经描述了该患者群体中的许多免疫缺陷和控制这些感染的选择，其可以分别解释医学问题并提供接近预防和治疗的方法。
The acute respiratory illnesses are the most common type of acute illness in the United States today. The respiratory viruses-which include influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and adenoviruses-cause the majority of these illnesses. Some of these viruses cause illness throughout the year, whereas others are most common in winter. All population groups experience these infections and illnesses. As the number of elderly persons and those with underlying disease increases, awareness is growing that these common infections can have serious consequences. This has recently been emphasized for immunocompromised persons. At the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), infection surveillance of mostly hospitalized adults with leukemia or a recent bone marrow transplant yielded a respiratory virus from 181 of 668 (27.1%) respiratory illness episodes. In descending order of frequency, infections wit RSV, rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, and adenoviruses were detected in each of three surveillance years. High frequencies of nosocomial acquisition occurred, as has been noted in prior reports. Similarly, persistence of infection and high frequencies of pneumonia and death among infected patients occurred, which have also been noted earlier. At MDACC, pneumonia occurred in 58-78% of infected patients, and 22-44% died. The role of the virus infection in many cases of pneumonia is uncertain, but death from pure viral pneumonia is well documented. A number of immune deficiencies in this patient population and options for control of these infections have been described that can, respectively, account for the medical problem and provide ways to approach prevention and treatment.